ABSTRACT Background:Hydrogen absorption and related degradation in the mechanical properties of Ni-Ti based orthodontic wires has been demonstrated following exposure to fluoride prophylactic agents. This study was designed to investigate the effects of three fluoride containing agents on the load deflection characteristics of heat activated nickel titanium arch wires during unloading phase. Material and method: Eighty specimens of heat activated nickel titanium arch wires were obtained from Ortho Technology Company, half of which had a 0.016 inch round and 0.019x0.025 rectangular. Ten specimens from both wire size were immersed in one of the tested fluoride prophylactic agents (neutral sodium fluoride gel, stannous fluoride gel or phos-flu

Objective: In this study ,the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)were investigated on the liver and kidney tissues. Methodology: The produced nanoparticles have an average particle size of about 30 nm. Eighteen male albino rats were used by dividing them into three groups, each group comprise 6 rats. First group(control group) given food and water like other groups by liberty. Second group was tail injected by (AgNPs) at dose of (0.4 mg/kg. body weight/day). Third group was injected by (AgNPs) at dose of (0.6 mg/kg. body weight/day) for 15 days. All animals were sacrified at the end of experiment. The liver and kidney tissues specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and histological preparations were carried out then stained with H&E. Path

Background: During acrylic resin processing, the mold must be separated from the surface of the gypsum to prevent liquid resin from penetrating into the gypsum, and water from the gypsum seeping into the acrylic resin. For many years, tin foil was the most acceptable separating medium, and because it's difficult to apply, a tin-foil substitute is used. In this study, olive oil is used as an alternative to tin foil separating medium for first time, and evaluating its effect as a separating medium on some mechanical properties such as (indentation hardness and transverse strength) of acrylic resins denture base comparing it with those processed using tin-foil and tin foil substitute such as (cold mold seal) separating medium. Materials and M

Objective: This study aimed to assessing new suggested technique of Physical Growth Curves (PGC) charts in
children under two years old of a non-probability sample.
Methodology: A non-probability sample of size (420) children under two years selected from 12 Primary
Health Care Centers in Diyala governorate during the period from 15th Nov. 2010 to 13th Mar. 2011
according to admix of a different properties together in one chart/or growth curve chart included in at least
weight, Height, and Head circumference.
Results: the results showed different properties that can be admix together in one chart/or growth curve
chart included in at least weight, Height, and Head circumference. And to overtake the problem of the norm

The aim of this study to identify the effect of using two strategies for active learning ( Jigsaw Strategy & Problems Solving) in learning some balanced beam's skills in artistic gymnastics for women , as well as to identify the best of the three methods (jigsaw strategy , problems solving and the traditional method) in learning some skills balance beam , the research has used the experimental methodology, and the subject included the students of the college of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Baghdad / third grade and by the lot was selected (10) students for each group of groups Search three and The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used means, the standard deviation and the (T.test), the one way a n

The results of the current study showed that the liver of H. javanicus appeared as large lobulated organ divided into six distinct lobes, that filled the cranial region and little extended to the middle region of abdominal cavity. On the other hand, liver of S. carolinensis laid against the diaphragm, occupied the cranial region of the abdominal cavity and consisted of five lobes. The liver is surrounded with a thin capsule of dense regular collagenous connective tissue and few numbers of smooth muscles fibers can be seen in the capsule that covered the squirrel liver. The liver parenchyma divided into a large number of interconnected hepatic lobules marked only by the abundant amount of connective tissue bordered the triads, and within the

Estimation of the unknown parameters in 2-D sinusoidal signal model can be considered as important and difficult problem. Due to the difficulty to find estimate of all the parameters of this type of models at the same time, we propose sequential non-liner least squares method and sequential robust  M method after their development through the use of sequential  approach in the estimate suggested by Prasad et al to estimate unknown frequencies and amplitudes for the 2-D sinusoidal compounds but depending on Downhill Simplex Algorithm in solving non-linear equations for the purpose of obtaining non-linear parameters estimation which represents frequencies and then use of least squares formula to estimate

Students at secondary school, particularly at the beginning of their academic lives face many difficulties and problems in various psychological, educational, and social fields, which require them to make many decisions and solve problems that may confront them while maintaining their optimism and positivity for life in general and for academic life in particular. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the academic optimism of distinguished students and identify the differences in academic optimism in terms of gender. The researcher applied the scale to a sample of (336) students, (145) males, and (191) females, who were chosen randomly from distinguished schools. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted t

Present research is aimed knowing of smart thinking for secondary schools' students. and discover statistically significant differences in Smart Thinking due to the couple variables of (Gender – Branch)
For the purpose of verification of the aims of the research, the researcher has prepared a smart thinking scale, the scale has been applied on sample of secondary schools' students for both Branches (Scientific & Literary One).It was contingent (500) student male and female were chosen stratified random method.
After data analyze the reached results: The Preparatory fourth grade students have smart thinking. Female smart thinking enjoy a much higher degree than males. and Scientific branch students enjoy thinking and much high