Background: Gingivitis is one of the most common and widely spread oral diseases in adolescents after dental caries occur in both developed and developing countries. Dental plaque is the main etiological factor of gingivitis. Another oral problem is enamel defect. The aim of this study was to estimate the oral hygiene (dental plaque), and determine the prevalence and severity of gingivitis and enamel defects among 16-17 years old secondary school female students in urban areas of Kirkuk city/Iraq. Materials and methods: A representative sample included in this study consisted of 750 secondary school female students distributed into 387 for the age sixteen and 363 for the age seventeen, they were selected randomly from different female secondary schools in the urban areas of Kirkuk city. Dental plaque was assessed using plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964). The gingival health condition was assessed using gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963), while, enamel anomalies was determined following the criteria of WHO. Results: The mean value of plaque index for the total sample was 0.92±0.02. The prevalence of gingivitis was (88.53%) and the mean value of gingival index was 0.90±0.02. Regarding age, the mean value of gingival index increased with age with statistically no significant difference (P>0.05). There was a strong positive and statistically highly significant correlation between plaque and gingival indices for total sample and for both ages (P<0.01). Regarding enamel defects, the prevalence of enamel anomalies among the total sample was 40.27% and diffused opacity was the most prevalent type of enamel anomalies, while, the least prevalent type was diffused opacity and hypoplasia. The lower 1st molars were the most affected teeth by enamel defects. Conclusion: In present study, the high prevalence of gingivitis among secondary school females indicated the need for either a school or public educational programs to improve the knowledge and attitude towards proper oral hygiene practices
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Measurement of radon concentration level was carried out in 40 houses in Al – Najaf city during summer season of 2012. Long term measurement of indoor of old building radon concentrations have been taken, using a previously calibrated passive diffusion dosimeters containing CR – 39 solid state nuclear track detectors which are very sensitive for alpha particles. The measurement of the indoor radon concentration obtained in summer in these regions ranged from 11.654±4.216 Bq.m-3 to 53.610±8.777 Bq.m-3. The results were within universally permitted levels. |
In this survey, there are 14 species belonging to 14 genera, nine families and two orders, collected on Macrofungi from Tikrit city, Salahadin Governorate, North Central of Iraq. The members of Coleoptera were more abundant than flies on Macrofungi.
The family of Ciidae and Leiodidae (Order, Coleoptera), Mycetophilidae (Order, Diptera), and 6 species are recorded for the first time for insect fauna of Iraq.
S Khalifa E, N Adil A, S Husam Ali, H Nibras A…, 2009
The present study was designed to determine the predictive capacity of Coronavirus’s impact, as well as, the psychological adjustment among university students in Oman. A total of (566) male and female students were employed to form the swtudy sample. The descriptive method was used. The findings showed that there is a significantly university student affected by Coronavirus; the dimensions of scale were arranged as follows: the Academic requirements of pandemic came first, the social communication came second, and the academic future stress came in third. The results also showed that Psychological Adjustment among University Students was affected by the Coronavirus pandemic, the average was low. Also, the result showed that the Corona
... Show MoreBackground Depression is one of the most common medical illnesses worldwide. Medical students during their training will be subjected to many stressors, both mentally and emotionally. Objectives Assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students and to identify any association between depressive symptoms and some socio-demographic factors.
Background: Saliva is a specific bio-fluid with important biomarkers. Analyzing any alternation in these markers could give valuable information, in relation to oral health status parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of α -amylase in unstimulated whole saliva of healthy, primary school children in relation to some oral health parameters. Materials and Methods: A questionnaires consisted of demography and medical histories of participants were filled by children families. Saliva samples were collected for 5- minutes between 9:00 -11:00 AM from 114 healthy students aged 6-13 years, divided into four age groups. Flow- rate, Plaque and Gingival Index were assessed and dentition status was investigated by DMFT/dmft
... Show MoreThe current research aims to identify the effect of Baska style on students’ achievement and the creative thinking in material rhetoric and the application of students for fifth grade literary. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher has designed an achievement test to measure group of students in the fifth grade literary in material application. The researcher chose a sample of 40 female students from Khansa School for Girls in Baghdad for the academic year (2014 - 2015), he applied the test on an exploratory sample consisted of 30 female students from the research community. The study resulted in being no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group
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