Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances impede the maintenance of oral hygiene and result in plaque accumulation leads to enamel demineralization caused by acids produced by bacteria. Studies on plaque control strategies in orthodontic populations are limited. This might be caused by difficulties in the quantitative evaluation of dental plaque because the teeth have various levels of bracket coverage, and different tooth sizes and malocclusions, making the traditional categorical indices complex. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of different hygiene protocols on plaque quantity on bands with different attachments. Materials and method: Twenty patients had four bands within the orthodontic appliance. Then randomly divided into four groups of hygiene regimens where group A used chlorhexidine dentifrice, group B used fluoridated dentifrice, group C used chlorhexidine mouthwash along with chlorhexidine dentifrice and group D used chlorhexidine mouthwash in addition to the fluoride dentifrice. Bands were removed four weeks after the appliance been in place, cut out carefully into 2 pieces from the center of the mesial and distal contact areas, biochemical test (clinprocario L-pop) was applied then 80 digital photographs were obtained. Four areas of interest were estimated which are mesially and distally to each attachment (2 mm) in width each. Percentage of plaque in these areas was calculated and statistically analyzed. Results: Side difference revealed that the plaque accumulated on the right sided bands more than the left, however the difference was not significant. It was also found that the lower bands had insignificantly higher amount of plaque than the upper ones. Conclusions: The four groups of oral hygiene regimens have no significant different effects on the plaque amount. Moreover, the oral hygiene maintenance is more difficult in the right side than the left side but the difference was not significant. The lower arch accumulated insignificantly more plaque than the upper. Also, difference in attachments has no influence on plaque amount.
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Abstract
The study aims to find out the impact of expectations and perceptions in determining the position of the customer service quality received by him. Represent the expectations and perceptions customer’s key of service quality determinants. The customer's requirements and needs main pivot, who must be built all events and activities and efforts of service organizations, including the hotel and organizations that operate in an environment known as highly competitive , intensification and complexity of the conditions set by the customer and increasing day after day. The study sample of three Luxury hotels in Kurdistan region of Iraq a model. The use of service quality m
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In this study, a mathematical model is presented to study the chemisorption of two interacting atoms on solid surface in the presence of laser field. Our mathematical model is based on the occupation numbers formula that depends on the laser field which we derived according to Anderson model for single atom adsorbed on solid surface. Occupation numbers formula and chemisorption energy formula are derived for two interacting atoms (as a diatomic molecule) as they approach to the surface taking into account the correlation effects on each atom and between atoms. This model is characterized by obvious dependence of all relations on the system variables and the laser field characteristics which gives precise description for the molecule –
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The current study aimed at (identifying the impact of a proposed strategy based on the realistic mathematics theory in the mathematical interrelation among the third intermediate grade students), two samples from the third intermediate grade were tested in a school affiliated to Rusafa I General education Directorate in Baghdad for the academic year (2022-2021)the experimental group will study according to the proposed strategy and it consisted of (30) female students , the control group will study through the traditional method and the number of its students is (30), thus the study sample consisted of (60) female students, the two groups were equalized in the variables (age in months, intelligence, prior knowledge) and to achieve the study
... Show MoreHR Al-Hamamy, KE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, WS Abdulwahhab, Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 2015 - Cited by 9
Objective(s): The study aims to evaluate the information of the elderly about personal hygiene , and to find out the relationship between residents of geriatric-care homes knowledge and their demographic characteristics .
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design study is conducted at geriatric home in Al Cyelakh Geriatric Care Home. The study was started at between November 20, 2021, and March 1, 2023. randomly sample of (30) elderly in geriatric home were studied . Data were collected throughout the utilization of the adopted questionnaire and interview technique. The questionnaire was consists of (40) items related to concerned personal hygiene geriatrics persons, t
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Background: Stroke is an acute neurologic injury and represents the 2nd leading cause of mortality worldwide, and also the most leading cause of acquired disability and morbidity in adults.
Objective: Effect and association between stroke and risk factors.
Type of the study: A retrospective study.
Methods: The study conducted on 312 patients in 2016, all data were collected from patients’ files from the emergency unit, which included basic demographic and disease characteristic, co morbid diseases, risk factors, final diagnosis.
Results: both previous stroke, ischemic heart disease was strong predictor of new
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The reserve estimation process is continuous during the life of the field due to risk and inaccuracy that are considered an endemic problem thereby must be studied. Furthermore, the truth and properly defined hydrocarbon content can be identified just only at the field depletion. As a result, reserve estimation challenge is a function of time and available data. Reserve estimation can be divided into five types: analogy, volumetric, decline curve analysis, material balance and reservoir simulation, each of them differs from another to the kind of data required. The choice of the suitable and appropriate method relies on reservoir maturity, heterogeneity in the reservoir and data acquisition required. In this research, three types of rese
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