Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on shear bond strength between dentin and IPS e.max lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. Materials and Methods: Eighteen extracted third molars were embeded in epoxy resin. The tooth was sectioned vertically in mesiodistal direction using a low speed hard tissue microtome. The buccal and lingual surfaces of each section were ground flat using 600 grit Silicone carbide paper. Eighteen ceramic discs consisted of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic were prepared with a diameter of 4.7mm and height of 2.2mm. The discs were divided in two groups (n=10): (1) IPS e.max treated with hydrofluoric acid and Monobond Plus (MBP) and (2) IPS e.max treated with Monobond Etch &Prime (MBEP). The tooth was cemented with Multilink Automix and stored for 24hours at room temperature before thermocycling and subsequently loaded to failure in Universal Testing Machine. Failure mode were recorded for each specimen. Result: Bond strength analysis and t-test analysis MBEP demonstrated the higher shear bond strength (SBS). MBP and MBEP showed no statistically significant difference were found between them. One-way ANOVA and t-test was used to determine differences in bond strength within and between the groups. Cohesive failure in resin cement was predominant with higher results while adhesive and mixed with lower and equal. Conclusion: Surface treatment with Monobond Etch and Prime has a favorable effect on SBS between dentin and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic with resin cement compared with Monobond Plus.
The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of nostalgia marketing on consumers’ purchase intention and demographic factors. Nostalgia marketing is one of the marketing ideas that some organizations use it to attract customers by evoking memories or heritage in their minds. This method would affect the emotions and feelings of people, which may raise their desire to buy. The questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection, and it was distributed to a random sample of 512 individuals. A sample is a group of individuals who have seen small sculptures displayed in shops inside Babylon Mall in Baghdad. The small sculptures show the life of Baghdadis in the fifties and sixties of the last century. Statistical software was used for
... Show MoreIn spite of the contemporary development over the world in pertaining of modernization and its differences about the transformation of the knowledge but, the important instrument to transfer the thoughts and information did not have change except the language. So the evolutionary process became as a torrent or fusillade above the cliff which drifted anything. So that the objective inquiry and impressed with varieties of development the casement to evaluate the linguistic or re - correction highlight article in order to preserve on the origins of the language and its sobriety.
Today, we have different correspondence and social media as
The major aim of this research is study the effect of the type of lightweight aggregate (Porcelinite and Thermostone), type and ratio of the pozzolanic material(SF and HRM) and the use of different ratios of w/cm ratio(0.32 and 0.35) on the properties of SCLWC in the fresh and hardened state. SF and HRM are used in three percentage 5%,10%, and 15% as a partial replacement by weight of
cement for all types of SCLWC. The requirements of self-compatibility for SCC are fulfilled by using the high performance superplasticizer (G51) at 1.2liter per 100 kg of cement. The values of air dry density and compressive strength at age of 28 days within the limits of structural lightweight concrete. The air dry density and compressive strength at a
This study calculated the surface roughness length (Zo), zero-displacement length (Zd) and height of the roughness elements (ZH) using GIS applications. The practical benefit of this study is to classify the development of Baghdad, choose the appropriate places for installing wind turbines, improve urban planning, find rates of turbulence, pollution and others. The surface roughness length (Zo) of Baghdad city was estimated based on the data of the wind speed obtained from an automatic weather station installed at Al-Mustansiriyah University, the data of the satellite images digital elevation model (DEM), and the digital surface model (DSM), utilizing Remote Sensing Techniques. The study area w
... Show MoreEducational of the mind is a weapon to a different knowledges which
benefit in ife and developed the mind in many field and practice him in a
regular form in a right thinking and practice sense on exactly recognizing and
conception things which is senses and regulating the memory and providing
with benefit information which fit to minded of person,the present research
aimed at answering the following two questions:
1-Does the concept of mind differ with age?
2-Does the recognition on function of mind developed with development of
age?
The research population consisted of the children in the primary schools
of Baghdad/center,and the students of the Education for woman
college/Baghdad university for the age
The appropriateness of the verses and surahs of the Qur’an, and the connection of their structures, is one of the aspects of the miraculousness of the Holy Qur’an, and it is an honorable knowledge by which the intellect guesses, and by which the value of the one who says what he says is known, and this science was written to appear in the early fourth century AH.
The occasion makes the parts of speech entwined with each other, so that connection is strengthened, and the composition becomes the same as the case of a tight construction that is compatible with the parts.
The Holy Qur’an has adopted a unique approach in its presentation of issues, in contrast to all previous and subsequent approaches. Sometimes he mentions a part
The current research aims to identify the effect of the hands_on strategy on the life effectiveness skills of the first grade students in the government's daytime middle schools. The Umm al-Mu 'minin school was intentionally chosen to be the research sample of the second Rusafa Directorate for the academic year 2021-2022. Then, two divisions were randomly chosen for the first of the six divisions to represent the experimental group that is studying according to the strategy of the hands_on and the other the control group that is studying according to the usual method. The equivalence of the two research groups was verified by a set of variables. The two groups were found to be equivalent. As for the research tool, the life effectiveness sca
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