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Shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets bonded to porcelain surface treated with 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel compared to hydro fluoric acid with silane coupling agent (In vitro comparative study)
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Background: With the increasing demands for adult orthodontics, a growing need arises to bond attachments to porcelain surfaces. Optimal adhesion to porcelain surface should allow orthodontic treatment without bond failure but not jeopardize porcelain integrity after debonding.The present study was carried out to compare the shear bond strength of metal bracket bonded to porcelain surface prepared by two mechanical treatments and by using different etching systems (Hydrofluoric acid 9% and acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23%). Materials and Methods: The samples were comprised of 60 models (28mm *15mm*28mm) of metal fused to porcelain (feldspathic porcelain). They were divided as the following: group I (control): the porcelain surface left untreated and glazed, group II (Diamond bur group): the porcelain surface was treated with fine diamond bur at speed of 350000 rpm for 20 seconds, group III (Red stone bur): the porcelain surface was treated with coarse red stone bur at speed of 8500 rpm for 20 seconds. Each group consists of 20 samples, then each group subdivided into two subgroups; one treated with acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23% and the other subgroup treated with Hydrofluoric acid 9 % with silane coupling agent. Results: The result of this study revealed that there was very high significant difference among all tested groups and the highest shear bond strength was for diamond bur group with HFA and Silane (8.67 MPa), the 2nd highest strength was for control group with HFA and Silane (7.52 MPa), the 3rd was (7.38 MPa) in red stone bur with HFA and Silane, the least shear bond strength values were obtained for subgroups treated with acidulated phosphate fluoride gel 1.23%. Conclusions: The most reliable procedure for bonding orthodontic brackets to the porcelain surfaces is through the surface treatment combinations of mechanical roughening by using diamond bur, 9% Hydrofluoric acid and Silane coupling agent application.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 02 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages
Transformation of Slogans and Stereotypes in Response to Shifts in Political Discourse
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This study examines the transformation of political slogans, clichés, and stereotypes in Russia and Iraq during periods of political regime change in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The main objective of the work is to identify and comparatively analyze the linguistic and cultural changes that accompanied political transformations in both countries. The research is based on theoretical concepts of political myth, framing, and critical discourse analysis. The research methodology includes content analysis of political texts, comparative analysis of linguistic transformations, and analysis of statistical data on cultural consumption. The main hypothesis is that, despite the presence of common trends in linguistic and cultural

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 17 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
THE POSSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FINES TO REDUCE THE WASTE GENERATED FROM THE SHOPE AND RESTAURANTS IN THE CITY OF BAGHDAD/ CASE STUDY.: THE POSSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FINES TO REDUCE THE WASTE GENERATED FROM THE SHOPE AND RESTAURANTS IN THE CITY OF BAGHDAD/ CASE STUDY.
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The research aims to identify the possibility of applying environmental fines to commercial shops and restaurants to reduce the environmental pollution represented by the wastes generated from them. The research sample was divided into two groups, including the first (20) commercial shops (meat shops and slaughter it, fruits & vegetables, legumes and accessories) and second (30) Restaurant in the city of Baghdad on both sides of Karkh and Rusafa. The quality of the waste was classified into carton, plastic, aluminum, glass, paper, cork and food waste. The study revealed the possibility of applying environmental fines to restaurants and shops to reduce the waste generated from them throughout the year and to apply continuous monitorin

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 28 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Law And Humanities Sciences
Fair compensation for expropriation for the public benefit (A comparative study)
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The right to property is one of the most fundamental rights enjoyed by individuals, and most national constitutions and laws, as well as international conventions, have to be respected and protected only in accordance with the economic and social development of the country (the so-called public benefit) and in return for just compensation. What is fair compensation?

Publication Date
Mon Dec 03 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Similarity and Difference between Sustainable and Green Architecture (a Comparative Study)
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The research is concerned with studying the characteristics of Sustainable Architecture and Green Architecture, as a general research methodology related to the specific field of architecture, based on the differentiation between two generic concepts, Sustainability and Greening, to form the framework of the research specific methodology, where both concepts seem to be extremely overlapping for research centers, individuals, and relevant organizations. In this regard, the research tend towards searching their characteristics and to clearly differentiates between the two terms, particularly in architecture, where the research seeks understanding sustainable and green architectures, how they are so close or so far, and the

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Italian Journal Of Vascular And Endovascular Surgery
Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for aortoiliac occlusive disease: a comparative study
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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Entry cost based on activity-based cost specifications and comparative study
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Several recent approaches focused on the developing of traditional systems to measure the costs to meet the new environmental requirements, including Attributes Based Costing (ABCII). It is method of accounting is based on measuring the costs according to the Attributes that the product is designed on this basis and according to achievement levels of all the Attribute of the product attributes. This research provides the knowledge foundations of this approach and its role in the market-oriented compared to the Activity based costing as shown in steps to be followed to apply for this Approach. The research problem in the attempt to reach the most accurate Approach in the measurement of the cost of products from th

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Measuring the Critical Success Factors for Total Quality Management Applications (Compared research of many colleges)
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ABSTRACT

This research aim to measure the critical success factors for total quality management applications, in order to know the key and important role played by these factors at applying the total quality management through a comparative study conducted in a number of a private colleges.

The research problem posed a set of questions, the most important ones are: Are the colleges (sample of research) aware of the critical success factors at applying the total quality management? What is the availability of the critical success factors at the work of the colleges (sample of research)? 

What are the critical success factors in the work of the researc

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 01 2020
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Strength and Compressibility of Screw Piles Constructed in Gypseous Soil
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Abstract<p>The present work deals with the performance of screw piles constructed in gypseous soil of medium relative density; such piles are extensively used in piles foundations supported structures subjected to axial forces. The carrying capacity and settlement of a single screw pile model of several diameters (20, 30, and 40) mm inserted in gypseous soil is investigated in the present study. The gypsum content of soil used in tests was 40%. The bedding soil used in tests was prepared by raining technique with a relative density of 40%. A physical model was manufactured to demonstrate the tests in the laboratory. The model of screw pile has been manufactured of steel with a total length of 50</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of a novel biological Nano-silver fluoride synthesized from moringa oleifera leaf extract
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Background: A great dental and biomedical interest had been paid to silver nanoparticles because of their antimicrobial activity. Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of a newly developed Nano-silver fluoride that was synthesized from moringa oleifera leaf extract against S. mutants.  Material and method: The green synthesis method was used to prepare Nano-silver fluoride from moringa oleifera leaf extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were evaluated using brain heart infusion plates, while the cytotoxicity was evaluated by the hemolytic activity. Results: Nano-silver fluoride had a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect (MIC was 60 ppm and MBC was 120 pp

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 14 2020
Journal Name
Modern Sport
In formation Provessing and its relation to the performance of scrolling skillfrom the top and bottom of the volley ball to the students
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The problem of research is that there are differences between learners in processing in formation in general and there is variation at the learners level perform scrolling skill of the passes up and down by the volley ball .Therefore the researchers decided to conduct astudy through which identify the relationship between information processing and the skill of scrolling from the top and bottom by the volleyball. The researchers used the descriptive approach by themethod of interconnectivity .Asampleconsist of21 students from first staye in collage of physical education and sports science for Girls(university of Baghdad) and attest has been applied(process information and scroll up and down) on the research sample after the required

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