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The effect of nano-hydroxy apatite on re-mineralize white spot lesions prior to orthodontic adhesive removal by different techniques (An In vitro comparative study)
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Background: White-spot lesion is one of the problems associated with the fixed orthodontic treatment. The aims of this in-vitro study were to investigate enamel damage depth on adhesive removal when the adhesive were surrounded by sound, demineralized or demineralized enamel that had been re-mineralized prior to adhesive removal using 10% Nano-Hydroxy apatite and to determine the effect of three different adhesive removal techniques. Materials and methods: Composite resin adhesive (3M Unitek) was bonded to 60 human upper premolars teeth which were randomly divided in to three groups each containing ten sound teeth and ten teeth with demineralized and re-mineralized lesions adjacent to the adhesive. A window of 2 mm was prepared on the buccal surface of the tooth and painted with an acid resistant nail varnish except for the window.The demineralized enamel produced by immersion of teeth in demineralization buffer for 12 days.half of the demineralized window, was covered with acid –resistant red nail varnish, and the samples were then subjected to re-mineralization with 10% of nano hydroxyapatite. The adhesive was removed with either :(1) fiber reinforced composite bur in slow speed handpiece (SS); (2)12 fluted long flame carbide bur in high speed handpiece (HS); (3) ultrasonic scaler (US).damage to the enamel was assessed using stereomicroscope with grid eye piece. Results: the greatest to least mean depth of damage with three different adhesive removal techniques to sound enamel was HS˃ US ˃SS and to demineralized and re-mineralized enamel were SS ˃US˃ HS. Sound enamel had the least amount of damage. Re mineralization before the adhesive removal highly significant reduced the amount of damage produced by all techniques compared with demineralized enamel. Conclusions: When the demineralized enamel was present 12 fluted long flame carbide bur were found to be the least damage in adhesive removal technique and re-mineralization further reduced the amount of enamel damage

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Enhancing the human resources quality by adopting an adventure learning method in their development
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The research aims to identify how to enhance the quality of the human resources, focusing on four dimensions (efficiency, effectiveness, flexibility, and reliability), by adopting an adventure learning method that combines theoretical and applied aspects at the same time, when developing human resources and is applied using information technology, and that Through its dimensions, which are (cooperation, interaction, communication, and understanding), as the research problem indicated a clear deficiency in the cognitive perception of the mechanism of employing adventure learning dimensions in enhancing human resources quality, so the importance of research was to present treatments and proposals to reduce this problem. To achieve

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 11 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study the Effect of Cold Plasma on the Nonlinear Properties of Polymeric Membranes Rod Amine (R3Go)
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The nonlinear optical properties for polymeric (PMMA) doping with dye Rhodmine (R3Go) has been studied .The samples are prepared by normal polymerization method with concentrations of 5x10-5mol/l and a thickness of 272.5µm.

                         Plasma effect was studied on samples prepared before and after exposure to the Nd: YAG laser for three times 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Z-Scan technique is used to determine the nonlinear optical properties such as; refractive index (n2) and the coefficient of nonlinear absorption (β). It was found that the nonlinear properties is change by increasi

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study the Effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma on the Decomposition of Volatile Organic Compounds
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Recently, research has focused on non-thermal plasma (NTP) technologies as a way to remove volatile organic compounds from the air stream, due to its distinctive qualities, which include a quick reaction at room temperature. In this work, the properties of the plasma generated by the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system and by a glass insulator were studied. Plasma was generated at different voltages (3, 4, 6, 7, 8 kV ) with a fixed distance between the electrodes of 5 mm, and a constant argon gas flow rate of (2.5) I/min. DBD plasma emission spectra were recorded for each voltage. The Boltzmann plot method was used to calculate the electron temperature in the plasma ( ), and the Stark expansion method was used to calculate the elec

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 07 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study the effect of thickness and annealing temperature on the Electrical Properties of CdTe thin Films
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The electrical properties of polycrystalline cadmium telluride thin films of different thickness (200,300,400)nm deposited by thermal evaporation onto glass substrates at room temperature and treated at different annealing temperature (373, 423, 473) K are reported. Conductivity measurements have been showed that the conductivity increases from 5.69X10-5 to 0.0011, 0.0001 (?.cm)-1 when the film thickness and annealing temperature increase respectively. This increasing in ?d.c due to increasing the carrier concentration which result from the excess free Te in these films.

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of empowerment strategies on the characteristics of work enrichment An exploratory research to the views of a sample of the leaders of the Ministry of Oil in Iraq
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The study aimed to investigate the relationship between empowerment strategies and their impact on the success of enrichment work, it included the dimensions of empowerment strategies (power, knowledge, information, rewards), The dimensions of Job enrichment are (Skill variety, Task identity, Task significance, Autonomy, Feedback). The study was conducted at the headquarters of the Iraqi Oil Ministry in Baghdad and was based on a sample of the leadership of the ministry of managers consisting of 215 people. The data were collected using the questionnaire method based on scientific standards adopted in previous st

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 07 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Education And Scientific Studies
Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base Metal Complexes Derived from Trimethoprim and mixed ligands with 8-hydroxy quinolone and study biologically activity
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Schiff base obtained from the reaction (Trimethoprim) with (sodiumpyruvate ) to produce the ligand [NaL], the reaction was carried out in methanol as a solvent under reflux. The prepared ligand [NaL] was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, 1H,13C-NMR spectra, mass spectra, and melting point.A new mixed ligand complexes have been prepared between ( 8- hydroxyquinolone) and the ligand [NaL] withMn(II).Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II), (Zn(II) ,(Cd(II)and Pd(II). All the complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy), chloride content and melting point ,molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility.These measure- ments showed octahedral geometry around(,Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+) ions and square pla

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
Influence of cytokinins and sucrose concentrations on bulblet characters of In Vitro Hippeastrum Hybridum
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Publication Date
Mon Nov 01 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Correction of Spherical Aberration of an Immersion Lens Operating Under Space Charge Effect Described by a 2nd Order Equation
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The present work represents a theoretical study for the correction of spherical aberration of an immersion lens of axial symmetry operating under the effect of space charge, represented by a second order function and preassigned magnification conditions in a focusing of high current ion beams. The space charge depends strongly on the value of the ionic beam current which is found to be very effective and represents an important factor effecting the value of spherical aberration .The distribution of the space charge was measured from knowing it's density .It is effect on the trajectory of the ion beam was studied. To obtain the trajectories of the charged particles which satisfy the preassined potential the axial electrostatic potential w

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Heliyon
Role of immobilised Chlorophyta algae in form of calcium alginate beads for the removal of phenol: isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic study
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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics And Chemistry Of Solids
Sensitization of TiO2 nanotube arrays photoelectrode via homogeneous distribution of CdSe nanoparticles by electrodeposition techniques
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