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Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Premolar Teeth with Extensive MOD Cavities Restored with Different Bulk Fill Composite Restorations (An In vitro Study)
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Background: The present in-vitro study was undertaken to evaluate and compare fracture resistance of weakened endodontically treated premolars with class II MOD cavities restored with different bulk fill composite restorations (EverX posterior, Alert, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, and SDR). The type and mode of fracture were also assessed for all the experimental groups. Materials and Method: Forty-eight human adult maxillary premolar teeth were selected for this study. Standardized extensive class II MOD cavities with endodontic treatment were prepared for all teeth, except those that were saved as intact control. The teeth were divided into six groups of eight teeth each (n=8): (Group 1) intact control group, (Group 2) unrestored teeth with endodontic treatment, (Group 3) restored with (TetricEvoCeram Bulk Fill), (Group 4) restored with SDR bulk-fill flowable composite, (Group 5) restored with EverX Posterior composite and (Group 6) restored with Alert composite. . All specimens were subjected to compressive axial loading until fracture in a universal testing machine. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and LSD test. Macroscopic fracture type were observed and classified into favorable and unfavorable. Specimens in groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were examined by stereomicroscope at a magnification of 20× to evaluate the mode of failure into adhesive, cohesive or mixed. Results: The mean fracture load was (1.2505Kn) for group 1, (0.371Kn) for group 2, (0.512 Kn) for group 3, (0.6435 Kn) for group 4, (0.608 Kn) for group 5, and (0.8315) for group 6. Using one way ANOVA test a highly significant difference (P < 0.01) were found among all groups. The use of Alert composite (which contain micro glass fiber) improved the fracture resistance significantly in comparison to other groups. SDR bulk-fill flowable composite showed better improvement in fracture resistance but with no significant differences in comparison to EverX composite restoration (which contain Short E-glass fiber filler). The type of failure was unfavorable for all the restored groups. Conclusion: All experimental composite restorations showed significant improvement in the resistance to cuspal fracture in comparison to unrestored one (group 2). However, under the conditions of this study, direct composite restorations should be considered as a valid interim restoration for weakened endodontically treated teeth before cuspal coverage can be provided.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Effect of customer relationship Management on improving Financial Performance: An Applied Study in a Number of Iraq Private Banks
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The research focuses on determining the role of customer relationship management in improving financial performance by surveying the opinions of a number of employees of a number of Iraqi private banks. The customer has become the focus of attention and the most important factors of success and profitability and competition. Therefore, decisions related to the customer are important decisions that support the process of making, And follow-up of administrative decisions, including financial decisions aimed at improving the financial performance of banks and distinguish them from competitors.    Thus, the techniques used in customer relations management programs to collect, analyze and use data and information have beco

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
International Communications In Heat And Mass Transfer
Thermal behaviour of the flow boiling of a complex nanofluid in a rectangular channel: An experimental and numerical study
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 16 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Histological evaluation of local application of collagen I and /or vascular endothelial growth factor (An experimental study in rats)
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Background: The study was designed to evaluate the effect of local application of exogenous VEGF/collagen I separately and as a combination in socket healing. Sixty male Albino Wistar rats were subjected for a surgical tooth extraction of upper 1st molar of both sides (right side was considered as experimental site, while left be the control one, treated with 1µL of normal saline). The rats were scarified at 3, 7, 14, 28 days post extraction. Socket healing was histologically examined with immunohistochemistochemical localization of ALP&FGF2. Materials and Method: Sixty male Albino Wistar rats were subjected for a surgical tooth extraction of upper 1stmolar of both sides (right side was considered as experimental site, while left be the

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering And Applied Sciences
Comparison of Estimate Methods of Multiple Linear Regression Model with Auto-Correlated Errors when the Error Distributed with General Logistic
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In this research, we studied the multiple linear regression models for two variables in the presence of the autocorrelation problem for the error term observations and when the error is distributed with general logistic distribution. The auto regression model is involved in the studying and analyzing of the relationship between the variables, and through this relationship, the forecasting is completed with the variables as values. A simulation technique is used for comparison methods depending on the mean square error criteria in where the estimation methods that were used are (Generalized Least Squares, M Robust, and Laplace), and for different sizes of samples (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120). The M robust method is demonstrated the best metho

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering And Applied Sciences
Comparison of Estimate Methods of Multiple Linear Regression Model with Auto-Correlated Errors when the Error Distributed with General Logistic
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In this research, we studied the multiple linear regression models for two variables in the presence of the autocorrelation problem for the error term observations and when the error is distributed with general logistic distribution. The auto regression model is involved in the studying and analyzing of the relationship between the variables, and through this relationship, the forecasting is completed with the variables as values. A simulation technique is used for comparison methods depending

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 02 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Synthesis of Levofloxacin Derivatives with some Amines and their Complexes with Copper(II) Salts and Evaluation of their Biological Activity
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Levofloxacin belongs to the fluoroquinolone family; it is a potent broad-spectrum bactericidal agent. The pharmacophore required for significant antibacterial activity is the C-3 carboxylic acid group and the 4-pyridine ring with the C-4 carbonyl group, into which binding to the DNA bases occur. In this work, we tried to show that by masking the carboxyl group through amide formation using certain amines to form levofloxacin carboxamides, an interesting activity is kept. Levofloxacin carboxamides on the C-3 group were prepared, followed by the formation of their copper complexes. The target compounds were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the target compounds was evaluated and showed satisfactory resu

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
E3s Web Of Conferences
Investigation the Opportunity of BIM with Agile Management Approach in Iraqi Construction Projects
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The construction industry in Iraq suffers from many problems, perhaps the most important of which is the delay in time and the increase in costs. Therefore, it was necessary to try to adopt a new methodology that would help in overcoming these problems. It was suggested to combine building information modeling with the agile management approach because this technique and methodology is modern and helps in reducing time and cost and improving quality. This paper aims to know the status of using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Agile Project management (APM) in Iraq and to shed light on the merging of this integration, explaining the benefits, difficulties, and workflow practices, finding the most influencing factors on the tim

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
In vivo evaluation the efficiency of nitazoxanide with cationic Gemini surfactant on Cryptosporidiosis
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Infection with cryptosporidiosis endangers the lives of many people with immunodeficiency, especially HIV patients. Nitazoxanide is one of the main therapeutic drugs used to treat cryptosporidiosis. However, it is poorly soluble in water, which restricts its usefulness and efficacy in immunocompromised patients. Surfactants have an amphiphilic character which indicates their ability to improve the water solubility of the hydrophobic drugs. Our research concerns the synthesis of new cationic Gemini surfactants that have the ability to improve the solubility of the drug Nanazoxide. So, we synthesized cationic Gemini surfactants. N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethyl-N1,N3-bis(2-octadecanamidoethyl)propane-1,3-diaminium bromide (CGSPS18) and 2,2‘-(etha

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Annals Of Tropical Medicine And Public Health
Arlyesterase activity of Paraoxonase-1 enzyme in Iraqi patients with β-thalassemia minor
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Background: Arylesterase activity of Paraoxonase-1 (ARE-PON-1) exhibits an antioxidant role which protects lipoprotein from oxidation. It is known that ARE-PON-1 antioxidant activity associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) reduces the oxidative damage mediated by low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The present study was aimed to examine the level of serum ARE-PON1 in Iraqi patients with β-thalassemia minor and its relationship with lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), and LDL-C) and hematologic changes as a part of antioxidant system action. Methods: In the present study, the ARE-PON-1 activity was investigated in serum of patients with β-thalassemia minor. Resu

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2019
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
Association Of Human Cytomegalovirus With Her2 Protooncogene Overexpression In Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients
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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a worldwide distribution and common infections. The presence of HCMV genome and antigens has been detected in many kinds of human cancers. The proto-oncogene Her2/neu is overexpressed in 25% to 30% of human breast cancers and frequently associated with tumor aggressiveness and worse prognosis. Examination was applied to detect different HCMV antigens and to demonstrate their correlation with Her2/neu overexpression in breast cancer. The present study includes samples from 70 women of 60 breast cancer patients and 10 normal breast tissues. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks were obtained from each woman according to ethical approval. Human cytomegalovirus early antigen expression was detected in 5

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