ABSTRACT Background: work-related musculoskeletal disorders represent an important occupational health issues among dentists especially neck and low back complaints. Biomarkers of tissue damage as results of occupational physical demands could be used for detection of work related musculoskeletal disorders. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess work- related musculoskeletal disorders, physical work load index, selected salivary biomarkers (Creatine kinase and C - reactive protein) and to find the relation among them. Subjects and Methods: Study participants are consisted of 112 dentists. They were selected from college of dentistry /Baghdad University, health care center in Bagdad city. They were of both gender and aged between 40-45 years .they should fit the study criteria. Self-administered standardized Nordic questionnaires were used to evaluate musculoskeletal complaints. Physical work load was evaluated by used physical work load index. Stimulated saliva were collected from subsample (87) dentists drawn randomly from the total sample, for whom biochemical analysis (measurement of creatine kinase and C - reactive protein) were done. Results: Results showed that low back and neck complaints is the most complaint experienced by the dentists with percentages of ( 69.6% and 66.1% ), followed by the shoulder complaint (49.1% ) while the hip complaint showed the lowest percentage (13.4%).According to severity scores ,both low back and neck musculoskeletal complaints were of score 3 severity (score 3 constituted the highest percentages in both area (27.7% ,23.2%respectively) as compared to other severity scors.For shoulder complaint it was of score 2 severity (score 2 constituted the highest percentage 23.2% as compared to other severity scores, The musculoskeletal complaints(proximal ,neck, shoulder and low back) had higher mean rank values in the highest quartile of Physical work load index with non – significant differences (P<0.05). Regarding salivary creatine kinase the proximal ,total and low back complaints had higher mean rank values among dentists with highest Creatine kinase quartile , while distal manifestations ,neck and shoulder complaints had higher mean rank value in the average interquartile range of Creatine kinase with non – significant differences( P<0.05). For c- reactive protein almost all the complaints(proximal , total ,neck and shoulder) had higher mean rank values in the first lowest quartile with non – significant differences( P<0.05). Conclusions: Physical work load increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders occurrence. Salivary creatine kinase could serve as a biomarker that reflects the underlying of musculoskeletal complaints more than C - reactive protein. Further studies that used more objective tools for assessing musculoskeletal disorders is needed.
The current study highlighted the violations and the steady depletion of , and agricultural and green areas in and around cities , which is an accurate scientific research problem that affects the future perspectives of these areas, their production and their consequences for the life of cities and their vital surroundings. This research took Baghdad city as a model of this critical phenomenon in order to study the reality of these regions, the size of violations, and to set a future concept and strategy, in addition to the proper treatment that preserves the assets of this great wealth , It was one of the most important conclusions Urban planning disruption of Baghdad city formations ,One of the most important recommendations , Scaling Bag
... Show MoreBackground: This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship among the bite force with facial dimensions and dental arches in a sample of Iraqi adults with Class I skeletal and dental relations. Materials and methods: Forty dental students (20 males and 20 females) were selected under certain criteria. For those individuals, dental impressions, frontal facial photographs and maximum bite force at molar and incisor regions were taken. The dental arches widths and facial dimensions were measured using the AutoCAD program 2007, while the bite force was determined using special device. Descriptive statistics for the measured variables were performed and gender difference was determined using independent sample t-test, while the rel
... Show MoreThe current research aims to know the extent of the impact of performance evaluation in its dimensions as an explanatory variable in the behavioural and attitudinal work outputs with its dimensions as a response variable in order to reach appropriate solutions through which the University of Fallujah seeks to achieve its goal in the process of diagnosing the axes of strength and to benefit from them in the process of strengthening the status and sobriety of the academic position of the professor and the researcher relied on The descriptive and analytical approach in carrying out this study, and data was collected from university professors, including leaders, heads of departments and divisions, who numbered (97) teachers. And fie
... Show MoreThe research attempts to diagnose the level of the effect of human resources flexibility (employees skills flexibility, employees behaviors flexibility, and human resource practice flexibility) in the south al-rusafa directorate of a power station one of the formations and the Ministry of Electricity, and impact of a range of variables related to the performance operational, namely, (efficiency, effectiveness)recognizing the importance of the subjects studied,& because of the importance of expected results of the field under consideration,researcher selected a sample of size (121) engineers and technicians of workers in the directorate. Was my hypotheses the major search of a relationship and impact between human resources flex
... Show MoreThis study aims to (1) identify the level of job enrichment and organizational cynicism among workers in some youth and sport forums, and (2) identify the influence the job enrichment in the organizational cynicism from their perspective. A descriptive survey was used to guide this study. The study included 478 workers who were randomly selected from the youth and sport forums in Baghdad City in 2019. The Job Enrichment Scale and the Organizational Cynicism Scale were used. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science, version 26. The study results revealed that the level of job enrichment and organizational cynicism among workers were unsatisfactory. This calls for paying more attention to these phenomena and improve
... Show MoreThis current research aims to identify the effectiveness of a training program in developing moral intelligence and mutual social confidence among middle school students. The researcher made a number of hypotheses for this purpose to achieve the goal of the research.
The researcher relied on the (Al Zawaida 2011) scale prepared according to Coles (1997), including (60) items, and the mutual social trust scale for (Nazmi 2001) based on Roter's theory including (38) items.  
... Show MoreThe aim of the research is to demonstrate the concept, characteristics, efficiency and adequacy of infrastructure in Khor Al-Zubair, as it represents an important benchmark for judging the development of the city. The researchers thus aim to measure the efficiency, adequacy and personal impression of each service in Khor Al-Zubair city and its residential neighborhoods. To meet this objective, the researchers used the descriptive and analytical approach that involves randomly distributing a questionnaire with specific questions to the neighbors of the city. The study has reached a set of results and recommendations that contribute to addressing the problems to the sector of infrastructure services in the city, such as: the per capita sha
... Show MoreAbstract:
Objective(s): The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Health educational program on nurses' knowledge toward children pneumonia at Al-Amara City hospitals..
Methods: A quasi –experimental study design two-study group (pretest-posttest 1 and posttest 2) carried out at Alzahrawy Hospital and Child and maternity hospital in Al Amara City to identify the effectiveness of the Health educational program on Nurses Knowledge toward Children pneumonia; the study was conducted between 1 of September 2019 to 1 of April 2020. A Purposive (Non-probability) sample is chosen for the present study. The size of sample is (60) nur
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Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the occupational health hazards that face health care providers in Sulaimani City.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted utilizing quantitative data collection methods. It involved 159 respondents including Physicians, Pharmacists, Medical assistants, Laboratory Instructors and Nurses who worked in 8 major health facilities in Sulaimani city, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
Results: Nurses were the most susceptible group to sharp related injuries 13.84%, cuts and wounds 10.69% than the others and they were more experiencing verbal abuse in the workplace 15%. Laboratory instructors represent the most exposed group
... Show MoreObjectives of the study: To assess nurses knowledge regarding oxytocin administration during labor and
delivery in maternity hospitals, and to find out the relationship between nurses knowledge and studied
variables (age, level of education, work times (shift) experience year, training course in nursing field).
Methodology: Descriptive analytic study was conducted on non-probability sample (convenient) of (70) nurses
to assess nurse’s knowledge related to oxytocin administration. The study is conducted at Al- kut Hospital for
Gynecology Obstetrics and Pediatrics and Al- Zahraa Teaching Hospital during periods 5th February to 24th
April 2013, A questionnaire was used as a tool of data collection to fulfill with objecti