Background: Sealers should demonstrate adhesive properties to dentin, decreasing the chance of endodontic treatment failure. Increased adhesive properties to dentin may lead to greater strength of the restored tooth, which may provide greater resistance to tooth fracture and clinical longevity of an endodontically treated tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of Bioceramic iRoot SP sealer, AH plus sealer and Apexit plus sealer in absence or presence of smear layer using push out bond strength test. Materials and Methods: Sixty straight single roots of the mandibular premolars were selected for this study. All canals were instrumented using ProTaper rotary instruments to achieve tapered canal walls, instrumentation was done with copious irrigation of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. Roots were randomly divided into three groups according to the type of sealer used (twenty teeth for each group): Group A: Apexit plus + gutta percha, Group B: AH plus sealer + gutta percha, Group C: iRoot SP sealer + gutta percha .Then groups were subdivided according to types of final irrigation into two subgroups. Groups (A1, B1, and C1) were irrigated with 5 ml of 5.25% NaOCl for 1 minute while Groups (A2, B2, and C2), the smear layer was removed with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 1 minute. All groups were rinsed with distilled water and then obturated with cold lateral condensation technique, the roots then stored in moist environment at 37°C for one week. The roots were embedded in clear acrylic resin and three horizontal sections were prepared at a thickness of 1 mm ±0.1 in the apical, middle and coronal parts of each root. The test specimens were subjected to the push-out test method using a Universal Test Machine that carried 1-mm, 0.5- mm and 0.3-mm plungers for coronal, middle and apical specimens, respectively. The loading speed was 0.5 mm/ min. The computer showed the higher bond force before dislodgment of the filling material. These forces were divided by the surface area to obtain the bond strength in MPa. Results: The results showed that the bond strengths of iRoot SP and AH Plus were significantly higher than those of Apexit plus, but there was no significant difference between the bond strength of iRoot SP and AH Plus.In terms of root segments, the bond strengths in the middle specimens and the apical specimens were higher compared with the bond strengths in the coronal specimens. Conclusion: The presence or absence of smear layer did not significantly affect the bond strength of Bioceramic filling materials.
In this work, the possibility to use new suggested carriers (D= Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Tramal) is discussed for diclofenac drug (voltarine) by using quantum mechanics calculations. The calculation methods (PM3) and (DFT) have been used for determination the reaction path of (O-D) bond rupture energies. Different groups of drugs as a carrier for diclofenac prodrugs (in a vacuum) have been used; at their optimized geometries. The calculations included the geometrical structure and some of the physical properties, in addition to the toxicity, biological activity, and NLO properties of the prodrugs, investigated using HF method. The calculations were done by Gaussian 09 program. The comparison was made for total energies of reactan
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This study was conducted in the poultry fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad from 10/15/2021 to 11/25/2021.To know the effect of adding different levels of Ganoderma lucidum to broiler diets on productive performance. 200 unsexed (Ross 308) chicks of one day age with a starting weight of (40) g were used. The chicks were randomly distributed into four treatments and 50 birds. One treatment included five replicates (10 birds/replicate), and the experimental treatments was as follows: T1, T2, T3, T4, and the percentages of adding reishi mushroom were 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg of feed, respectively, and the birds were fed on three starter diets, growth and final diets, The results of this stu
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The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture University of Ain Shams-Egypt, from January to March 2008, to study the effect of different levels of chromium yeast (Cr-yeast) on broiler chickens performance, carcass quality and enzyme activity through 35 days of experimental periods. A total of 450 one-day old unsexed chickens (Cobb) strain were used. The birds were randomly allocated to five treatments with 3 replicates each. The treatments were control (T1) without supplementation and T2, T3, T4 and T5 which were supplemented with 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg Cr-yeast /kg diet, respectively. Live body weight and weight gain were significantly (p<0.05) higher when Cr-yeast were supplemented at 1 (T3), 1.5 (T4) and 2 (T5) mg/kg diet. Fe
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The effect of fiber volume fraction of the carbon fiber on the thermal conductivity of the polymer composite material was studied. Different percentages of carbon fibers were used (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). Specimens were made in two groups for unsaturated polyester as a matrix and carbon fibers, first group has parallel arrangement of fibers and the second group has perpendicular arrangement of fibers on the thermal flow, Lee's disk method was used for testing the specimens. This study showed that the values of the of thermal conductivity of the specimens when the fibers arranged in parallel direction was higher than that when the fibers arranged in the perpendicular direction
 
... Show MoreToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; it spreads via the circulatory system during infection and causes chronic infection in various organs. Toxoplasmosis affects nearly one third of people worldwide, especially immunocompromised people. This study aimed to determine the effect of toxoplasmosis on renal function in hemodialysis patients. Overall 300 patients referred to the Medical City, Al-Karama General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq were enrolled from 2021 to 2022. All serum samples were tested for T. gondii immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) antibodies, urea and creatinine levels. In patients undergoing hemodialysis, the results revealed a high positivity percentage for anti-Toxoplasma IgG. In hemodialysis patients infe
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The Messengers and the Imam of the God-fearing, Muhammad is God, his family, and all of his companions. As for what comes after... Fainting is one of the involuntary symptoms and states that occur to a person when carrying out his life’s tasks suddenly due to his loss of sense and movement, so he loses consciousness for a period of time that is short or may be long, and the person is held accountable and responsible for every moment of his life. He is required to perform duties specified by Sharia law, such as prayer, fasting, and Hajj...and fainting prevents him from performing these actions. We must consider the opinions of jurists and know the legal implications resulting from it. It was said that a person has a capacity that enable
... Show MoreUnderstanding of in-situ stress profiles and orientations plays a vital role in designing a successful hydraulic fracturing treatment. This paper is an attempet to examine the effect of lithology and in situ stress on geometery of hydraulic fractures. A hydraulic fracturing design simulator software called FracproPT with various capabilities for designing most of hydraulic fracture was used for simulate and optimize the hydraulic fracturing. For studying purpose, three different cases of stress gradient contrast between different formations are considered in this study (0.4, 0.5 and 0.75 psi/ft). The results obtained from the simulator showed that lithologies surrounding the pay zone have an effect on the fracture
... Show MoreSpecial exercises in individual games are an important pillar in learning their basic skills. The aim of the research is to prepare special exercises using tools and their effect on learning the skill of landing with Salto backward tucked to stand - knowing the effect of special exercises using tools and their effect on learning the skill of landing with Salto backward tucked to stand on the horizontal bar. Either the research assumes the existence of significant differences in the pre- and post-tests in learning the skill of landing with Salto backward tucked to stand on the horizontal bar in favor of the post-test. The researchers used the experimental method with a single sample design to suit the research problem, as the researc
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