Background: Mini implant stability is primarily related to local bone density; no studies have evaluated bone density related to mini implant placement for orthodontic anchorage between different age groups in the maxilla and the mandible. The present research aims to evaluate side, gender, age, and regional differences in bone density of the alveolar bone at various orthodontic implant sites. Materials and method: Fifty three individuals who were divided into two groups according to their age into: group I (ages 16-20 years) and group II (ages 21-29 years) had subjected to clinical examination, then 64-multislice computed tomography scan data were evaluated and bone density was measured in Hounsfield unit at 102 points (51 in the maxilla and 51 in the mandible), and mean alveolar bone density was calculated at each site in the CT axial plane. Results: No significant differences in bone density between the sides and gender were found. Generally, the bone density measurements of group I and II were not statistically different at almost most sites. The mean bone density of the alveolar cortical bone was greater in the mandible than in the maxilla and showed a progressive increase from the anterior to the posterior area, while in the maxilla the highest bone density was at the premolars region. The maxillary tuberosity was the region with lowest bone density. Cancellous bone had almost comparable densities between the mandible and the maxilla and its density was less than those of cortical sites. Conclusion: When mini implants are indicated, no gender and side differences affect the success rate regarding bone density; while age and area should be considered when selecting and placing mini implants for orthodontic anchorage.
The phenomenon of delayed marriage triggered the intention of most researchers and specialists to reveal the social factors associated with the spread of this phenomenon in order to identify the characteristics of that phenomenon and the social factors resulting from it. Thus, the current research aims to identify the social factors most related to the delay in marriage age among working-women at the University of Baghdad, represented by family factors, economic factors-professional, psychological factors – subjective, and environmental factors. The researcher also aims to identify the differences in social factors associated with late marriage age for working women at the University of Baghdad in terms of the type of profession (teach
... Show MoreA simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometirc method for the determination of trace amounts of promethazine hydrochloride in the aqueous solution is described. The method is based on the complexation of promethazine hydrochloride with In (III) in the presence of sodium hydroxide to form an soluble product with maximum absorption at 304nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of (2- 20μg/ml) with molar absorptivity of (1.92× 103 L.mol-1 .cm -1 ). The optimum conditions for all development are described and the proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride in bulk drug.
Background: Decalcification of surface enamel adjacent to fixed orthodontic appliances, in the form of white spot lesions, is a wide spread and familiar well-known side effect of orthodontic treatment. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of enamel protective agent (Clinpro white varnish) on shear and tensile bond strength of Dentaurum orthodontic stainless steel brackets by using 3M Unitek and Ormco as orthodontic adhesive agents. Materials and methods: Sixty-four extracted human upper first premolar teeth were selected and randomly divided into two groups with 32 teeth each, representing the shear and tensile bond strength testing groups. Then according to the type of bonding adhesive and the addition of Clinpro before
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The PET scans provide images that pinpoint the anatomic location of abnormal metabolic activity within the body. A radionuclide suitable for labeling a wide range of radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography imaging is used also for local therapy of tumors. Among the possible methods for cyclotron production of radionuclide used in PET. We investigate the proton irradiation to produce the standard radionuclide (15O, 11C,1 3N, 18F) and some non-standard Radionuclide (76Br,124I,60Cu,66Ga,86Y and 89Zr). The total integral yield based on the main published and approved experimental results of excitation functions were calculated.
This paper was conducted to identifying the body growth averages for the infants of the age (3-6) months and their relation with brest (natural ) or artificial feeding The results showed that the higher percentage was for the infants with the natural feeding in comparison with those of the artificial or mixed feeding. Also there was a clear increase in the average of the body growth for those with the natural feeding and such results were closer to the standard criterion. While the averages of body growth for those with the artificial or mixed feeding were low. In addition, it was clear that the averages of body growth of the i
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In this paper, there are two main objectives. The first objective is to study the relationship between the density property and some modules in detail, for instance; semisimple and divisible modules. The Addition complement has a good relationship with the density property of the modules as this importance is highlighted by any submodule N of M has an addition complement with Rad(M)=0. The second objective is to clarify the relationship between the density property and the essential submodules with some examples. As an example of this relationship, we studied the torsion-free module and its relationship with the essential submodules in module M.
The article presents the results of studies of the species composition of phytopathogens of winter soft wheat grain affected by ear fusarium. For the first time, studies were conducted using a complex of electron microscopic, molecular genetics, and mycological methods. The species F. graminearum dominated in all samples (frequency of occurrence 42.8%). The species F. avenaceum (23.3%), F. sporotrichioides and F. equiseti (8.8% each) were noted with high frequency. Next in descending order of frequency of occurrence: F. oxysporum, F. boothii, F. poae, F. proliferatum, F. accumatum, F. incarnatum, F. vorosii, F. tricinctum, F. cerealis, F. sambuticum. For the first time, 7 species were found for the plain zone of the Pre-Caucasus: F.
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Coral reef area in northwest of the Arabian Gulf was investigated for mineralogy and geochemistry to throw lights on such unique Iraqi Marine Environment; six specimens of two main species of coral reefs, Platygyra pini Chevalier, 1975 and Octocoral Menella were collected at two sites. While eight samples of the surrounding sediments are chosen from other two sites. The mineralogy is determined by XRD, and reveals that calcite, low magnesium-calcite, and aragonite are the main minerals that comprise the Octocoral Menella in site 1, whilst aragonite and calcite are dominate in the P. pini coral reef at site 4.
The non–carbonate fractions indicate that thes
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