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Assessment of Enamel Surface after Debonding of Different Types of Esthetic Brackets (An In Vitro Study)
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Background: Debonding orthodontic brackets and removal of residual bonding material from the enamel surface include critical steps that may cause enamel damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the site of bond failure and enamel surface damage after debonding of three types of esthetic brackets (composite, ceramic, sapphire) bonded with light cure composite and resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive. Materials and methods: Seventy two maxillary premolars teeth were divided into three groups each group consisted of 24 teeth according to the type of brackets. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (12 teeth for each) according to the bonding material that was used. After 7 days of bonding procedure, the brackets were debonded using specifically designed debonding device in which the brackets were debonded by a debonding pliers to simulate the actual clinical debonding procedure. Instron Universal testing was used to apply the debonding force on the debonding pliers which transferred to the bracket. The teeth and the brackets were examined with a 10X magnifying lens to evaluate the site of failure. After the removal of residual adhesive, stereomicroscope was used to evaluate enamel surface damage. Results: The most common type of bond failure was cohesive failure (Score II) in all esthetic brackets. While enamel cracks (scale I) were found to be the most type of enamel damage. Chi- square showed non-significant differences among different types of esthetic bracket bonded with same type of adhesive and between the same types of brackets (ceramic, sapphire) bonded with the two types of adhesive. On the other hand, there was significant difference between composite brackets subgroups bonded with the two adhesives. Conclusion: The bond failure mostly within the adhesive itself and higher enamel damage was resulted from mechanical debonding of these esthetic brackets.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
analyzethe Surface Structure of Persian Language: تجزيه ى روساختى جمله فارسى
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  The sentence is one building unit in a music that has a full  meaning which in the end takes a long silence .The sentence bases made the sentences with  intransitive verb ( non connection ) and the sentences are   made with general verb (connection ) .The sentence parts :Verbal sentence –supportive sentence , sentence without a verb .

The method of divide the sentence into these syntax  units ( face division ) or (analysis and to each of the syntax units resulted from dividing the sentence to sections made to the end the characterizes the  smaller syntax units ,the words .The method of analyze the surface structure of Persian language sentence  is exchange method.   &nbsp

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
The effects of devitrification on the lithium glass surface and microstructure
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Publication Date
Sat Jul 22 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Removal of Boron from Simulated Iraqi Surface Water by Electrocoagulation Method
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The removal of boron from aqueous solution was carried out by electrocoagulation (EC) using magnesium electrodes as anode and stainless steel electrodes as cathode. Several operating parameters on the removal efficiency of boron were investigated, such as initial pH, current density, initial boron ion concentration, NaCl concentration, spacing between electrodes, electrode material, and presence of carbonate concentration. The optimum removal efficiency of 91. 5 % was achieved at a current density of 3 mA/cm² and  pH = 7 using (Mg/St. St. ) electrodes, within 45 min of operating time. The concentration of NaCl was o. 1 g/l with a 0.5cm spacing between the electrodes. First and second order rate equation were applied to study adsorp

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Civil Engineering Journal
Evaluating the Friction Characteristics of Pavement Surface for Major Arterial Road
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The performance of the pavement in terms of vehicle safety and tire wear is affected by the friction behavior of the pavement. To highlight the main characteristics that affect the production of better friction resistance of the pavement surface in this work. The micro-texture and macro-texture of the asphalt surface of Baghdad Airport highway were studied using two methods: (sand patch method and the British pendulum test). The sand patch was examined by drawing sand grains of a specific volume, while the micro-texture was analyzed using a BPT under dry and wet surface conditions. All data obtained from the two examinations were analyzed and modelled statistically using SPSS 25 software. Results show that skid resistance of pavemen

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 29 2012
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Effect of Laser Cutting Methods on Hole Deviation and Surface Integrity
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In the present work usedNd:YAG laser systems of different output characteristic were employed to study the drilling process of material used in scientific and industrial fields. This material include Manganese hard steel. Our study went into the affecting parameters in drilling of Manganese hard steel by laser. Drilling process is achieved through material absorption of part of the incident laser beam. It is the resultant of interfering both, laser beam and material properties and the focusing conditions of the beam. The results as shown that the increase in the laser pulse energy over the used level has raised the hole diameter, depth and increased the hole taper. In addition to that a hole taper was affected by the laser energy, the fo

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 20 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Pulsed Er,Cr:YSGG Laser For Surface Modification of Dental Zerconia Ceramic
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Background: Surface treatment of machined dental zirconia for enhancement of the adhesion to resin cement, using Er,Cr:YSGG  Laser. Materials and Methods: Total number of 42 zirconia disc specimens (9 mm diameter, and 2 mm height) was sintered according to the manufacturer instruction. They are divided into six groups, each group of seven samples. Laser groups (Experiment parameters) were depend on laser total irradiation time, pulse duration, and power. Group (A): 20 sec., 60 µs pulse duration. Group (B): 30 sec., 60 µs pulse duration. Group (C): 40 sec., 60 µs pulse duration. Group (D): 20 sec., 700 µs pulse duration. Group (E): 30 sec., 700 µs pulse duration, with different powers used (1, 1

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 02 2019
Journal Name
Pramana
The description of quantum dielectric function for insulators over Bethe surface
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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement of Ebastine by Surface Solid Dispersion Technique
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Ebastine (EBS) is a non-sedating antihistamine with a long duration of action. This drug has predominantly hydrophobic property causing a low solubility and low bioavailability. Surface solid dispersions (SSD) is an effective technique for improving the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs by using hydrophilic water insoluble carriers.

The present study aims to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of EBS by using surface solid dispersion technique. Avicel® PH101, Avicel® PH 102, croscarmellose sodium(CCS) and sodium starch glycolate(SSG) were used as water insoluble hydrophilic carriers.

The SSD formulations of EBS were prepared by the solvent evaporation method in different drug:  carrier

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Determination of Water-Soluble Vitamins in Iraqi Honey Bee and Compare with Others Types by High –Performance Liquid Chromatography
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High-performance liquid chromatographic methods are used for the determination of water-soluble vitamins with UV-Vis. Detector. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic has been developed for determination of water-soluble vitamins. Identification of compounds was achieved by comparing their retention times and UV spectra with those of standards solution. Separation was performed on a C18 column, using an isocratic 30% (v/v) acetonitril in dionozed water as mobile phase at pH 3.5 and flow rate 1.0m/min. The method provides low detection and quantification limits, good linearity in a large concentration interval and good precision. The detection limits ranged from 0.01 to 0.025µg/ml. The accuracy of the method was

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 02 2009
Journal Name
Albahith Alalami
Types, contents and scientific research methods used in public relations research at the College of Mass Communication 1989 - 2007.
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This study deals with knowing the types of research in public relations studies at the Faculty of Mass Communication for the period from 1989 to 2007 and knowing the methods that researchers used in their studies, as well as knowing the methods and tools of scientific research that were used, and whether one method or tool is used more than others, and knowing Samples used in the analysis. As well as the contents and types of this research The institutions that were subjected to the study, and the preparation of the respondents This research aims to answer the following questions:. A- What are the types of research and methods that were used in university theses that dealt with the topic? Public Relations at the Faculty of Media from 1989

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