Background: The cells of periodontium contain many intracellular enzymes like (alkaline phosphatase ALP) that are released outside into the saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after destruction of periodontal tissue. The aim of study was to determine the activity of this enzyme in saliva and its relation to the salivary flow rate, PH and clinical periodontal parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. Subject, Materials and methods: Sample population consist of 75 individuals ;divided into four groups , the first group (15):control subject, the second group (20):mild chronic periodontitis, the third group(20) moderate chronic periodontitis and the fourth group (20) sever chronic periodontitis, Measurements of plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), only male were included and saliva was collected from them and subjected to biochemical analysis of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP), and also measurement of salivary flow rate(FR) and PH. Results: Statistical analysis of the results revealed the presence of a highly significant difference in the enzymatic activity between healthy and chronic periodontitis subjects (mild, moderate, severe) with positive correlation between the activity of this enzyme and the clinical periodontal parameters, and negative correlation between this enzyme and Salivary flow rate and pH. Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that a number of markers show promise as sensitive measures of disease and the effectiveness of therapy. At this time enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase ALP, is good biochemical markers of screening chronic periodontitis. Also ALP can be used as a monitor for healthy individuals and patients with different periodontal diseases. Furthermore, analysis of saliva may offer a cost effective approach to assessment in controlling progression of chronic periodontitis in large populations.
We study clusters in warm dark matter (WDM) models of a thermally produced dark matter particle 0.5 keV in mass. We show that, despite clusters in WDM cosmologies having similar density profiles as their cold dark matter (CDM) counterparts, the internal properties, such as the amount of substructure, show marked differences. This result is surprising as clusters are at mass scales that are a thousand times greater than that at which structure formation is suppressed. WDM clusters gain significantly more mass via smooth accretion and contain fewer substructures than their CDM brethren. The higher smooth mass accretion results in subhaloes which are physically more extended and less dense. These fine-scale differences can be probed by strong
... Show MoreIs the subject of the mind took a dimension in philosophy and psychology , and has cared psychologists this topic to a large extent , I started education institutions interest in the capabilities of intelligence since the early twentieth century , and the development of interest in them until he arrived to find Standards and Criteria to identify the degree IQ of any individual , and began to educational institutions interested in mental talent and talented .
The United States is the country chock first of these research projects , but they devoted all their attention on the wish talent mental and Gifted , until I got to the projects, the so-called time ( ( wars of the mind ) ) and projects Schools gifted
... Show MoreThe research aims to release the concept of auditing reporting and its role in the rationalization of economic decisions in the companies listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange from the viewpoint of academics, professionals, investors and lenders. Auditor reporting witnessed the great progress in many areas addressed many of the previous studies compare with Iraqi auditors reporting because there are some defects in these aria .The research problem focused whether the auditor report in Iraq is contains useful information to rationalize investment decisions & lending decisions in the shareholding companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange , and under that premise , " There is statistically significant relationship between the reporting au
... Show Moreتستهدف هذه الدراسة وبشكل أساس، الكشف عن طبيعة وخصائص البعد السياسي لهندسة/صناعة الخصائص الاجتماعية والسياسية للإنسان والمجتمع، بوصفها العملية المسؤولة عن تصميم هذه الخصائص وصناعتها وتغييرها جزئيا أو كليا، دون أبعادها الأخرى المتعددة والمتنوعة، لا لمجرد الانسياق وراء دوافع الرغبة الذاتية، أو اعتبارات التخصص الدقيق وأحكامه، لأن معهما أيضا، بل وقبلهما أحيانا، دوافع واعتبارات أخرى موضوع
... Show MoreAlloys of GaxSb1-x system with different Ga concentration (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6) have been prepared in evacuated quartz tubes. The structure of the alloys were examined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and found to be polycrystalline of zincblend structure with strong crystalline orientation (220). Thin films of GaxSb1-x system of about 1.0 μm thickness have been deposited by flash evaporation method on glass substrate at 473K substrate temperature (Ts) and under pressure 10-6 mbar. This study concentrated on the effect of Ga concentration (x) on some physical properties of GaxSb1-x thin films such as structural and optical properties. The structure of prepared films for various values of x was polycrystalline. The X-ray diffraction analy
... Show More<span>Digital audio is required to transmit large sizes of audio information through the most common communication systems; in turn this leads to more challenges in both storage and archieving. In this paper, an efficient audio compressive scheme is proposed, it depends on combined transform coding scheme; it is consist of i) bi-orthogonal (tab 9/7) wavelet transform to decompose the audio signal into low & multi high sub-bands, ii) then the produced sub-bands passed through DCT to de-correlate the signal, iii) the product of the combined transform stage is passed through progressive hierarchical quantization, then traditional run-length encoding (RLE), iv) and finally LZW coding to generate the output mate bitstream.
... Show MoreThe availability of different processing levels for satellite images makes it important to measure their suitability for classification tasks. This study investigates the impact of the Landsat data processing level on the accuracy of land cover classification using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The classification accuracy values of Landsat 8 (LS8) and Landsat 9 (LS9) data at different processing levels vary notably. For LS9, Collection 2 Level 2 (C2L2) achieved the highest accuracy of (86.55%) with the polynomial kernel of the SVM classifier, surpassing the Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) at (85.31%) and Collection 2 Level 1 (C2L1) at (84.93%). The LS8 data exhibits similar behavior. Conv
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