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Comparative Assessment of In Vitro Effect of Three Fluoride Releasing Agents on Enamel Demineralization around Orthodontic Brackets
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Background: White spot lesion considered as irreversible tooth demineralization presenting challenge to orthodontists during treatment schedules, fluoride was the most successfully used measure to overcome this challenge. Materials and method: A total of forty sound human permanent premolars were used in the present study and categorized into four groups, in one group the teeth were bonded with stainless steel brackets using Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and the other three groups the teeth were bonded with light cured composite Resilience® (Ortho technology Co., USA). Group A; Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) topical gel (Mfg by DEEPAK PRODUCTS, INC, USA), fluoride ion 1.23% applied on examine area for four minute. Group B; RMGIC (GC Fuji Ortho LC, GC Corporation/Japan) used as bracket adhesive. Group C; Stannous and sodium phosphate fluoride gel yielding 0.72% fluoride ion (Mfg. for: dental resources DS-8) (0.4% Stannous fluoride, 1% sodium fluoride), was applied daily through the experimental study. D; the control group represents the conventional bonding procedure with no preventive method. The entire labial surfaces except 2 mm gingival to the bracket were isolated by acid resistance varnish. All the teeth were subjected individually during 30 days in to acid challenge cycle. After longitudinal sectioning of the teeth by using a hard-tissue microtome, the depth of the artificial lesion was estimated by taking the average of three penetration depths at the lesion centre under stereomicroscope. Also the enamel surface was classified according to acid etch pattern. Comparisons of the average caries penetration of the groups were submitted to ANOVA and LSD tests. The statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The results revealed that there were statistically significant differences among the tested groups. With different caries reduction abilities, APF group showed 14%, RMGIC Group 49%, group Stannous and sodium phosphate fluoride 39% depth reduction compared to the control group. Conclusions: While all the groups showed caries reduction by different fluoride agents used in this study, the less average lesion depth was found at group B making the RMGIG the best caries fighting fluoride measure.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Econometrics analysis of the impact of external shocks on foreign direct investment in Iraq for the period (1995-2016)
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The external shocks are one of the phenomena that the Iraqi economy is exposed to over a period of time. It is referred to as changes and events that come from outside the economic system and extends to many economic variables. However, foreign direct investment may be severely affected due to the extreme sensitivity to changes and local and international developments. This type of trauma and its characteristics to help manage and cope with external shocks, and in order to avoid the standard problems experienced by some models of simple linear regression, multi-linear regression models were used with variables Scientific and other dummy variables .

        The study foun

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
The aesthetics of employing the Cap Cut program in the montage and effects of digital content on the Internet
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Traditional programs and the tedious and financially costly processes they require are no longer the best choice for content makers. The continuous development and development have led to the emergence of competitive software that offers capabilities that are more suitable for aesthetic needs, as it breaks down stereotypical frameworks from the familiar to the unfamiliar to be more suitable for graphic subjects in terms of dealing with the requirements of the digital content industry. Video for communication platforms, as it has more advantages than traditional software and the flexibility and high quality it offers at the level of the final product, All of this contributed to supplementing the image with aesthetic employments with data

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 13 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Water And Land Development
A study of the climate and human impact on the future survival of the Al-Sannya marsh in Iraq
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Polish Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 13 2011
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure & Applied Science
Synthesis of PEG 200-Di- Acetate ant Its Influence on the Viscosity of PEG 4000 in Different Organic Solvents
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Synthesis of PEG 200-Di- Acetate ant Its Influence on the Viscosity of PEG 4000 in Different Organic Solvents

Publication Date
Thu Nov 14 2019
Journal Name
Advances In Intelligent Systems And Computing
The Application of Bus Rapid Transit System in the City of Baquba and Its Impact on Reducing Daily Trips
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 26 2019
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
THE DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY (RAPTORS) IN THE MESOPOTAMIAN MARSHES OF SOUTHERN IRAQ WITH NOTES ON THEIR CONSERVATION STATUS
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Birds of prey (Raptors) are top predator avian species that many migrate annually through Mesopotamian marshes in southern Iraq toward their wintering grounds in Arabia and Africa, while others are breeding residents; however, information on their current status is scarce. From January 2016 to April 2019, a total of 20 field expeditions were conducted in the geographical zone of the Mesopotamian marshes, wetlands of international importance. The survey covered the Central Marshes, Al-Hammar and Hawizeh Marsh. One of the objectives of the field surveys is to list the raptors species that wintering and/or migrating through the Mesopotamian marshes and to understand their current spatial and temporal distribution. In the present study, a to

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Revista Iberoamericana De Psicología Del Ejercicio Y El Deporte
THE IMPACT OF ENGINEERING ANXIETY ON STUDENTS: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY IN THE FIELDS OF SPORT, ECONOMICS, AND TEACHING METHODS
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Ruling on dealing with Jews in Muslim countries
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Praise be to God, who is satisfied with Islam as our religion, “He opened a clear conquest for us,” and whoever works with us through the Shari’ah works and protects us. And that our master and Mawlana Muhammad His servant and Messenger is a prophet who has been merciful and compassionate. "
And after:
The occupation of Iraq and the accompanying bone events, and the following severe obstacles, resulted in a set of problems that require legitimate stances, and satisfactory answers, remove confusion and delusion, amid the clash of opinions and contradictions of jurisprudence. Work and application.
Among the difficult problems that surfaced in light of the new political developments on the land of Iraq: (the ruling on dealing

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 18 2016
Journal Name
International Journal Of Applied Mathematical Research
On common fixed points in generalized Menger spaces
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R. Vasuki [1] proved fixed point theorems for expansive mappings in Menger spaces. R. Gujetiya and et al [2] presented an extension of the main result of Vasuki, for four expansive mappings in Menger space. In this article, an important lemma is given to prove that the iteration sequence is Cauchy under suitable condition in Menger probabilistic G-metric space (shortly, MPGM-space). And then, used to obtain three common fixed point theorems for expansive type mappings.

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Slums and its implication on security in Baghdad
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The research team seeks to study the phenomena of random housing in Iraqi society in general and Baghdad city in particular by standing on the causes behind this phenomena and its relation with security situation in Baghdad. The researchers adopted a theoretical and practical framework. The main objective is to diagnose the risks caused by the escalation of slums in Baghdad city. 

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