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Comparative Assessment of In Vitro Effect of Three Fluoride Releasing Agents on Enamel Demineralization around Orthodontic Brackets
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Background: White spot lesion considered as irreversible tooth demineralization presenting challenge to orthodontists during treatment schedules, fluoride was the most successfully used measure to overcome this challenge. Materials and method: A total of forty sound human permanent premolars were used in the present study and categorized into four groups, in one group the teeth were bonded with stainless steel brackets using Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and the other three groups the teeth were bonded with light cured composite Resilience® (Ortho technology Co., USA). Group A; Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) topical gel (Mfg by DEEPAK PRODUCTS, INC, USA), fluoride ion 1.23% applied on examine area for four minute. Group B; RMGIC (GC Fuji Ortho LC, GC Corporation/Japan) used as bracket adhesive. Group C; Stannous and sodium phosphate fluoride gel yielding 0.72% fluoride ion (Mfg. for: dental resources DS-8) (0.4% Stannous fluoride, 1% sodium fluoride), was applied daily through the experimental study. D; the control group represents the conventional bonding procedure with no preventive method. The entire labial surfaces except 2 mm gingival to the bracket were isolated by acid resistance varnish. All the teeth were subjected individually during 30 days in to acid challenge cycle. After longitudinal sectioning of the teeth by using a hard-tissue microtome, the depth of the artificial lesion was estimated by taking the average of three penetration depths at the lesion centre under stereomicroscope. Also the enamel surface was classified according to acid etch pattern. Comparisons of the average caries penetration of the groups were submitted to ANOVA and LSD tests. The statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The results revealed that there were statistically significant differences among the tested groups. With different caries reduction abilities, APF group showed 14%, RMGIC Group 49%, group Stannous and sodium phosphate fluoride 39% depth reduction compared to the control group. Conclusions: While all the groups showed caries reduction by different fluoride agents used in this study, the less average lesion depth was found at group B making the RMGIG the best caries fighting fluoride measure.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Review Of International Geographical Education Online
Measuring The Efficiency of The Departments of The College of Administration and Economics / University of Baghdad Using the Method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), A Comparative Study
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The research aims at the possibility of measuring the technical and scale efficiency (SE) of the departments of the College of Administration and Economics at the University of Baghdad for a period lasting 8 years, from the academic year 2013-2014 to 2018-2019 using the method of Applied Data Analysis with an input and output orientation to maintain the distinguished competitive position and try to identify weaknesses in performance and address them. Nevertheless, the research problem lies in diagnosing the most acceptable specializations in the labor market and determining the reasons for students’ reluctance to enter some departments. Furthermore, the (Win4DEAp) program was used to measure technical and scale efficiency (SE) and rely on

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Scopus
Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of Strategic Intelligence on the Process of Green Manufacturing An Explorative Study for the Managers Opinions of Sample of Mineral water factories at Dahuk
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         The studying trying to determine the role of  Strategic Intelligence on the Process of Green Manufacturing  of  Sample of Mineral water factories at Dahuk city.  The study submit a theoretical frame of Strategic Intelligence and Green Manufacturing, a supposed sample, had been set to reverye   the nature of the relations and effect in the study  Varity, the study  depend on group of the main and branch concurring with the relations and effect between the Strategic Intelligence and Green Manufacturing to answer the following questions about research to problems:

 What are the relationships and effects between stra

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 31 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The effect of the strategy of asking clustered questions on the acquisition and retention of the general Arabic language subject among students of the College of Languages
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An experiment in the semester, the second semester of the academic year (2022-2023), and the data used was not processed (the second test for two independent, inaccurate samples, the Bermon correlation coefficient, and the Spearman correlation coefficient), and the following results were reached: There is a statistically significant difference at the level of ( 0) average, 05) between the third grade who studied the plan for asking cluster questions, and between the average of those who studied the special feature according to the traditional method of selecting achievement, and enjoyed completing the specialization, choosing the experimental group, because the strategy of asking cluster questions is one of the externalities that... Lear

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Revista Iberoamericana De Psicologia Del Ejercicio Y El Deportethis Link Is Disabled.,
THE EFFECT OF EXERCISES WITHIN A FACTORY HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE IN REDUCING THE DEGREE OF PAIN IN A SAMPLE OF BACK PATIENTS
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Scopus
Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Karbala Journal Of Medicine
Assessment Of Her-2/Neu Gene Amplification Status by Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization in Breast Cancer Patients with Equivocal 2+ Her-2/Neu Immunostaining and Its Relation to The Clinic Pathological Parameters
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background: human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (her2/neu) is related to growth factor receptors with alkaline kinase activity and it is regarded as important prognostic and therapeutic factor that can depended on in breast cancer therapy. HER2/neu expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is submitted to a great in terob server inconsistency. Subsequently additional confirmatory tests for assessment of gene alterations and amplification status are needed for patients with early or metastatic breast cancer. In situ hybridization techniques and specifically Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) was arise as a practical, cost-effective, and alternative to fluorescent in situ hybridization in testing for gene alterationAims of the study

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 09 2024
Journal Name
Wasit Journal Of Sports Sciences
A Comparative Analytical Study of Some Biomechanical Variables and Their Relationship to The Accuracy of The Performance of The Shooting Skill of Jumping High in The Weak and Strong Foot the Players for Youth Handball
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The research aims to identify the most important variables affecting shooting from jumping high and compare them for the two foot the weak and strong, where the researchers adopted the descriptive method, and the sample was chosen by the intentional method, which consists of (4) players from the Iraqi Sports Army Club, where these variables were studied and their impact on The accuracy of aiming at the two men, and the researchers concluded that most of the players have more accuracy in aiming at the strong leg than at the weak leg, which leads to the loss of many real opportunities during the match because of the players changing the situation or wasting the available opportunity when the position of correction is an opportunity for the w

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 22 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Craniometric asymmetry assessment in class I and class II skeletal relationship patients using helical computed tomography sample aged between 18-35 years
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Background: Asymmetry assessment is an important component of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Several studies attempted to find the relationship between craniometric asymmetry and skeletal jaws relationship and many authors found some extent of asymmetry in individuals with normal jaws relationship. The use of Computed tomography (CT) allows for the assessment of asymmetry on a dimensionally accurate volumetric image, aim of the study is to determine if there are differences in craniometric asymmetry between patient with skeletal class I and patients with skeletal class II relationship using Helical CT scan. Materials and Methods: Ninety individuals with clinically symmetrical faces were imaged with Helical CT scan, and aging

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The effect of learning program in developing some social concepts for nursery kids about ( 4 – 5 ): The effect of learning program in developing some social concepts for nursery kids about ( 4 – 5 )
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Abstact:
Nursery is one of educational institution in the process of developing the
social concepts that it includes a quirking the knowledge and experiences that
help the kid to adjust with environment through arrangement words ,
movements and concrete things which are transferred to the kids so as to
realize these concepts .
Social concepts are numbers of words and statements with social nature
which the kids learn through the family or nursery in order to effect their
educational style of independent and helping the others .
The re searcher adopted this theory because of the little studies in the
filed of social concepts in the nursery.
The aims of the study are as following :
1- building tools for

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 11 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study of Cytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extract Fenugreek(Trigonella Foenum Graecum L.S) Seeds and The New Complexes of Rh (?) and Pd (?) on Cancer Cell Lines
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The effect of the aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella Foenum Graecum L.), Rhodium complex (?) with formula [RhL2CLH2O].1 1/2 ETOH and palladium (?) [pdl2].2ETOH,where L=2-hydroxy phenyl piperonalidine was studied on two cancer cell lines. The first cell line was intestine cancer of female albino mice (L20B), the second one was Rhabdomysarcomas (RD)cell line in human. The activity of the new complexes and the aqueous extract was compared to the well-known anticancer drug (cis-platin) by utilizing the in vitro system. The cell lines were treated with four concentrations of cis-platin 31.25,62.5,125 and 250 ?g/ml for 72 hour exposure time. The same concentrations were used with extract and the new complexes. This study showed that t

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 05 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research (ijsr)
Effect of Body Mass Index on Eruption Time of Permanent First Molars and Incisors among a Group of 6- 8 Year Old Iraqi School Children
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