Background: The formation of white spot lesions around fixed orthodontic attachments is a common complication during and after fixed orthodontic treatment, which hinders the result of a successfully completed orthodontic treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the Caries Infiltrant (ICON®) on prevention of caries on the smooth enamel surface when applied alone or combined with conventional adhesives. Materials and methods: Seventy eight human premolar enamel discs were randomly assigned to six groups (n=13). The discs were etched and treated with resins of different monomer content forming the following groups: (1)Untreated etched samples served as the negative control, (2) ICON® (DMG), (3) Adper™ SB 2 (3M ESPE), (4) Heliobond (IvoclarVivadent), (5) ICON®+ Adper™ SB 2 and (6) ICON®+ Heliobond. Specimens were subjected to demineralization by immersion in hydrochloric acid (pH 2.6) for 18 days. Calcium dissolution into the acid was assessed by photometric test via spectrophotometer at 24 hour intervals. Results: The results revealed that, there was a highly significant difference between the sealed groups and the unsealed (untreated) one (p≤0.00) indicating that the unsealed specimens showed the highest amount of Ca ion loss among all other groups. Additionally, there was no significant difference between untreated specimens and the ICON® sealed ones. While, Heliobond decreased the Ca ion loss significantly compared to the untreated specimens and Adper™ SB 2 performed significantly better than both ICON® and Heliobond. Furthermore, the combination of ICON® with either Adper™ SB 2 or Heliobond served as the best protective measures and maintained the protective effect during the whole experiment period. Therefore, within the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be concluded that the use of Caries Infiltrant prior to the application of the tested conventional adhesives increases their protective effect against demineralization.
Abstract
The problem of the study is the main question (Can tourism planning address the phenomenon of unemployment in Iraq ?) , And the importance of the study in the fact that the tourism sector can become an effective development alternative in many countries, especially Iraq, as tourism contributes to diversify sources of income and stimulate other economic sectors , We know how important Iraq's qualifications are in the field of tourism and what it can generate on the public treasury, To confirm the current study on the need to pay attention to tourism planning for its role in providing employment opportunities that reduce the unemployment rate in the future.
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... Show MoreThis study was conducted at the Research Experimental Station of the College of Agricultural Engineering/University of Baghdad in the Al-Jadiriyah area during the autumn season of 2022. The study aimed to investigate the effect of phosphorus addition and zinc spraying on the nutrient content and root growth of the cabbage. The experiment included two factors: the first factor was phosphorus with four concentrations (P25%, P50%, P75%, and P100%) of the recommended complete fertilizer dose (135 kg P2O5 per hectare), and the second factor was zinc spraying with three concentrations (0, 30, and 60 mg.L-1) of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). The results showe
Geomorphology is concerned with the topographic units that make up the Earth's surface. These take many forms, such as mountains and rivers, and include many dangers such as landslides, landslides and erosion. Many studies appeared in this field to analyze its effects and risks resulting from it, including urban studies, to determine the trends of optimal urban expansion and its geomorphological interactions. The results showed that the city of Kut originated and expanded near the course of the Tigris River and its branches, and it suffers from unbalanced urban expansion, due to the high rate of population growth, and overcrowding in housing units with the growth of urban land uses in it, which prompted the city to extend horizontally and v
... Show MoreThe goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of curcumin in both formulas (supplement and standard), zinc, and then use them together to show their effect on the levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (IR), and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in the model of female rats with induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using 1mg/kg/day of letrozole for 21 days followed by a treatment period of 14 days including different treatments of zinc 30 mg/kg, curcumin standard 200 mg/kg, curcumin supplement 200 mg/kg, (curcumin standard plus zinc), (curcumin Supplement plus zinc) and metformin as a standard treatment. After the treatment, all female rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava
... Show MorePraise be to Allah. Praise be to Him. We seek refuge in Him. We seek forgiveness from him. We seek forgiveness from him.
And the disadvantages of our actions, of his hands
e
It is important, if not all, to pay tribute to God
Muhammad Abdo and Rasoulou, there is no way to deprive the nation of the weakness of God alone and not to share it
Which suffer from the Quran, and the loss of its borders, bad
The work did not work and did not improve
Do what they offer and delay the others, except by reference to this Koran and the extraction of treasures and secrets
And news.
The Great Quran Study
Lu Imito ordered each poisoned, and achieved several targets of
YEMYA: Knowing the secrets of the Grea
Informativity, being an essential component of text/discourse, plays a significant role in highlighting the intended meaning and finally contributes to the overall process of rendering a text cross-culturally. It has, however, been overlooked by translators in doing their jobs. In poetic translation, informativity plays a particularly significant role as it sheds light on the ungraspable traits of meaning.
This study tries to explore this aspect in a translation of Emily Dickenson's Slant of Lights to see where the translator fell short in this aspect with attempts to produce an alternative translation taking into consideration the various orders of informativity. For this purpose, a model of informativity is forwarded t
... Show MoreThe research aims:
1- To know the intemperance use of the internet by the University's students.
2- To know the differences with a statistical indication in the intemperance use of the internet after the gender's inconstant ( Males-females).
3- To know the differences with a statistical indication in the intemperance use of the internet after the Major's inconstant ( scientific- humanistic)
This current research restricts a sample of the university students for both sexes.
Theoretical frame:
The research viewed several theories that explains intemperance use of the internet & the results.
Research measures :
1- Research has been adapted the scale ( Internet use) which was prepared by the Moroccan researcher (
Cost is the essence of any production process for it is one of the requirements for the continuity of activities so as to increase the profitability of the economic unit and to support the competitive situation in the market. Therefore, there should be an overall control to reduce the cost without compromising the product quality; to achieve this, the management should have detailed credible and reliable information about the cost to be measured, collected, understood and to analyze the causes for the spread of deviations and obstacles the management faces, and to search for the factors that trigger the emergence of these deviations and obstacles
Public relations are amongst the social sciences that rely on scientific methods in achieving new knowledge or resolving existing problems by means of its scientific researches that are often applied and require a classification in terms of their results’ analysis. It also requires subtle statistical processes whether in constructing their material or in analyzing and interpreting their results.
This research seeks to identify the relation between public relations and statistics, and the significance a researcher or practitioner in the domain of public relations should assign to statistics being one of the important criteria in identifying the accuracy and object
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