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Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Serum and Salivary Interleukin-2 Levels in Chronic Periodontitis
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Background: Interleukine-2 is a multifunctional cytokine, considered a central regulator of host resistance against a variety of pathogens and has been recently demonstrated to exert an active role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of scaling and root planning on level of IL-2 in serum and saliva of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis, in relation to clinical parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 subjects were enrolled, of which 25 had chronic generalized periodontitis and 25 periodontally healthy subjects as control. The clinical parameters included: gingival index, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing. The level of IL-2 in serum and saliva was estimated by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit at baseline and after 4 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planning). Results: Mean IL-2 level in serum and saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis at baseline(382.15± 96.02 and 501.82± 88.08 ng/L) were significantly higher than in controls (10.98± 3.04 and 20.89 ± 7.16 ng/L; p=0.001) respectively. Post-periodontal therapy, IL-2 levels in serum and saliva increased significantly (534.18 ± 127.70 and 710.87 ± 198.15; P= 0.001.) compared to basal levels, as well as to control group (p< 0.001). Statistically significant positive association was found between salivary IL-2 level and the pocket depth in the chronic periodontitis post therapy (r = 0.45, p= 0.02). Conclusion: Short-term nonsurgical periodontal therapy leads to in a significant improvement in clinical periodontal parameters and a marked increase in IL-2 levels

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Publication Date
Wed May 28 2025
Journal Name
Retos
The effect of exercises in the third intensity zone of the strength characteristic of speed for the legs on some physiological and biochemical indicators for handball players
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Objective: preparing exercises for the third intensity zone for strength and speed for the legs, and identifying their effect on some physiological and biochemical indicators for (the level of lactic acid concentration, the concentration of sodium bicarbonate, the concentration level of (potassium K+) and (sodium Na+) in the blood, and the number of breathing times (RF) Research methodology: the experimental research method was adopted by designing the experimental and control groups on a sample of Army Sports Club players amounting to (16) players, deliberately selected (100%) from their community using a comprehensive enumeration method, and then divided into two groups of equal number, After determining the tests for physiologica

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 30 2016
Journal Name
International Business Management
ESTIMATE OF THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT OF THE MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY ON NON-OIL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN THE IRAQI ECONOMY FOR THE PERIOD OF 1990-2014
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The monetary policy is a vital method used in implementing monetary stability through: the management of income and adjustment of the price (monetary targets) in order to promote stability and growth of real output (non-cash goals); the tool of interest rate and direct investment guides or movement towards the desired destination; and supervisory instruments of monetary policy in both quantitative and qualitative. The latter is very important as a standard compass to investigate the purposes of the movement monetary policy in the economy. The public and businesses were given monetary policy signals by those tools. In fiscal policy, there are specific techniques to follow to do the spending and collection of revenue. This is done in order to

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Education And Scientific Studies
Studying the effect of laser stress in combination with mannitol on some morphological parameters of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var L. capitata) In vitro
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Relation Ship and Effect Of Jet Stream in Anti-Ciyclone in Influencing The Climate Of Iraq
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This study aimed to statement jet stream and its impact in the anti-cyclone affecting the climate of Iraq. Through the use of simple correlation coefficient ( Pearson ) that there is a very strong relationship between high- Siberian and both of the jet stream especially during the winter or over the stations of North . Therefore we, observe the relationship be significant in most of the winter months , spring and autumn . Statistically significant , but are different between station and another station , while the study come to another Anti-ciyclon have a real ,significant and statistically relationship corrclation . But this relationship is less than which found in are much less it with the Siberian high , it depends on the type of stat

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 04 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Fat Replacement with Tahena on the Quality Properties of Shortened Cake
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The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of replacing fat(shortening) with different percentages of tahena on the quality properties (physiochemical and sensory ) of shortened cake.The percentages of moisture,protein ,fat and ash of cake increased significantly(p<0.05) as the replacement was increased .The highest increase percentages were 10,48,5,and 90 %,respectivly, at 100% replacement .Carbohydrate,however,decreased by 10%at 100% replacement .these findings may indicate improvement of cake nutritional value.Standing height,as an indicator of cake volume, also increased significantly by 4% at the 50% replacement then it decreased by 4% 100% replacement level. Basic formula (control) has signific

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 03 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of full-contour zirconia
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Background: Adjustment of any premature occlusal contact of any zirconia restoration requires its polishing or glazing in order to restore the smoothness of the restoration. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different polishing systems and glazing on the surface roughness of full-contour zirconia. Material and methods: Forty disks (diameter: 8 mm, thickness: 6.4 mm) were prepared from pre-sintered full-contoured zirconia block; they were colored and sintered in a high-temperature furnace at 1500ËšC for 8 hours. The specimens were then leveled and finished using grinding and polishing machine and adjusted using diamond disk. The specimens were then randomly divided into four groups (n=10), group I involves

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Effect of Chlorine Concentration on the Optical Constants of SnS Thin Films
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Chlorine doped SnS have been prepared utilizing chemical spray pyrolysis. The effects of chlorine concentration on the optical constants were studied. It was seen that the transmittance decreased with doping, while reflectance, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant were increased as the doping percentage increased. The results show also that the skin depth decrease as the chlorine percentage increased which could be assure that it is transmittance related.

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Influence of grid-orientation effect on modeling of Iraqi oil field: case studies
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Abstract<p>Reservoir simulation models are utilized by oil and gas companies with a purpose to develop fields. Expansions and improvements in simulation software have lessened the time to develop a model. Simulating the reservoir aims to realize fluid flow, physical, and chemical procedures happening in a hydrocarbon reservoir adequately well for the reason of improving hydrocarbon recovery under various working stipulations. Grid-orientation effects are complicated problem in numerical reservoir simulation. These influences were coming when utilized of numerical utilization mechanism to conditions characterizing physically inconstant displacement procedure. These impacts happen in an assortment</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun May 12 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Effect of Quenching Media Variations on the Mechanical Behavior of Martensitic Stainless Steel
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The purpose of this study is designate quenching and tempering heat treatment by using Taguchi technique to determine optimal factors of heat treatment (austenitizing temperature, percentage of nanoparticles, type of base media, nanoparticles type and soaking time) for increasing hardness, wear rate and impact energy properties of 420 martensitic stainless steel. An (L18) orthogonal array was chosen for the design of experiment. The optimum process parameters were determined by using signal-to-noise ratio (larger is better) criterion for hardness and impact energy while (Smaller is better) criterion was for the wear rate. The importance levels of process parameters that effect on hardness, wear rate and impact energy propertie

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 08 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Effect of Gas Mixture on the Output Characteristics of a CW CO2 Laser
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In this work, the effect of partial amounts of gases in gas mixture of a CW CO2 laser on the output power was investigated. Also their effect on the condition determining the glow-discharge self-sustaining required for pumping the active medium was studied. Two fit relations were derived to predict the output laser power and the electric field to unit pressure ratio as functions to the partial amounts of gases. Results presented in this work could be used fruitfully to determine some of the optimum operational conditions of glow-discharge low-power CW CO2 lasers.

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