Background: Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) has been used as a traditional medicine for many years to cure different kinds of diseases. Studies have been reported that Gotu Kola extracts might be used as a cure for oral diseases such as periodontal disease. In the present study, Gotu Kola leaves extracted with water will be used to evaluate its effect on some microorganisms living in the human saliva using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Material and Method:Gotu Kola fresh leaves extract have been used with water as a solvent, a rotary evaporator was used to separate the solvent from the extract. The following microorganisms: Streptococci, Lactobacilli, and Staphylococcus aureus have been isolated fromthe Saliva of ten volunteers participated in the present study. Nutrient broth tubes have been prepared for MIC test, where various concentrations of the Gotu Kola extracts (0.5mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 2 mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml, and 5 mg/ml) were added, respectively. The tubes incubated at 370C for 48h. Results:The MIC test shows that a concentration of 4 mg/ml have the ability to inhibit the growth of oral Lactobacilli and 8 mg/ml has the ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureuswhich may be due to asiaticoside and asiatic acid which are active ingredients that the leaves extracts consists of. There was no MIC for Streptococci. Conclusion:The Gotu Kola leaves extract can be used to inhibit the growth of some oral microorganisms at certain concentration. Keywords:Centella asiatica, oral microorganisms, antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration.
The study aims to develop the awareness of the criteria for judging electronic educational materials among students of educational qualification at Dhofar University over spreading the Corona pandemic through a program based on mini-educational units. The study was applied to (18) students studying Teaching diploma at Dhofar University for the academic year 2020-2021, and their number. They were chosen intentionally. The study resulted in reaching a list of criteria for judging electronic educational materials, roughly (18) criteria in the selection themes and (15) criteria in the use theme. The level of awareness of the sample members with the criteria for selecting and using electronic educational materials and the effectiveness of the
... Show MoreMaterials recycling has a significant economic and environmental impact; as a result, steel, aluminium, plastic, and other recyclable materials have been pushed for use in construction materials. One of these recyclable materials is the crumb rubber, has been considered as a pavement component. The general behaviour of the composite rubber-hot mix asphalt system would be varied from that of the conventional rubber free mix. In this review, desirable characteristics of hot mix asphalt are highlighted first. Also, effect of gradation and the main types of rubber are specified. Afterward, many studies that considered the crumb rubber as a waste product and its associated mixture and modifiers are reviewed. The factors affect the crumb
... Show MoreSchiff base derived from PVA and Erythroascorbic acid derivative (pentulosono-ɣ-lactone-2, 3-enedianisoate) was synthesized and characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and FTIR spectra, aldehyde was also characterized by (U.V-Vis), 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectra. The inhibitory effect of prepared polymer on the activity of human serum Cholinesrerase has been studied in vitro. The polymer showed a remarkable activity at low concentration (4.5*10-3 – 4.5*10-8 M).
The research aims to evaluate Islamic electronic libraries and their service for downloading research and illustrated books, explaining their origins, features and types. The research was limited to the libraries available on the Internet that provide the service for downloading research and illustrated books. The researcher relied on the survey approach to identify the libraries and a sample of them (20 libraries) was selected. For the purpose of evaluating it according to five criteria related to the preparation and publication of Islamic electronic libraries (the responsible party, the goals and objectives, the year, the services it provides, the sections and subject specializations of its contents) and five criteria related to the servi
... Show MoreProduction of the steroidal saponin digitonin in multiplied shoots of Digitalis purpurea , (var. Excelsior Mixed) has been achieved in vitro by two experiments. In the experiment 1, shoot tips ( 1cm length ) explants from the sterilized seedlings were excised and cultured on MS medium ( Murashige and Skoog medium) supplemented with 0.5 mg/L TDZ (thidiazuron) and cholesterol at the concentrations 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 or 4.0 mg/L. After 45 day, results showed that the treatment with 0.5 mg/L TDZ and 2.0mg/L cholesterol had a positive effected on increasing the dry weight of multiplied shoots and their production of digitonin when compared with other treatments, where this treatment gave 2
... Show Morentroduction. Finding a safe innate immune response stimulator is one of the greatest challenges facing immunologists and vaccine manufacturers. Gap statement. The role of sterile bacterial secretions (SBSs) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in stimulating the innate immune response was not investigated previously. Aim. The comparative effect of SBSs and bacterial cells of P. aeruginosa isolates isolated from freshwater (PAE) and infected wounds (PAC) on the respiratory tract innate immune response. Methodology. Four test mice groups were instilled intranasally (i.n.) with 106 c.f.u of PAC, 106 c.f.u of PAE, SBS of PAC, and SBS of PAE. Two control groups were given i.n. either LB broth or PBS. Time-course changes in IL-1 beta mRNA, TNF-alpha mRNA, I
... Show MoreThe oil exports play a vital role in supporting economic development and raise the economic growth. The oil exports can increase the economic growth via three main channels which are supporting the productive, distributive and service sectors; increasing the investment and capital formation; and increasing the employment rate.
However, the oil exports did not have an important role in increasing the economic growth in Iraq. Therefore, it also did not provide the required support to other economic sectors, neither participated in increase the employees’ skills nor increase the investment rate. It may slightly contribute in enhancement the infrastructure that can attract the public and private investments
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