Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the Nursing Management Education Program upon the Nurse
Managers' Knowledge about planning in Nursing Management at Baghdad City Hospitals.
Methodology: A Quasi-experimental study in which a purposive "non-probability" sample of (50) Nurse
Managers was selected from Baghdad City Hospitals. These Managers were divided into two equal groups of
(25) Nurse Managers for each (study and control ones). A questionnaire was developed as a tool for data
collection. A pilot study was carried out to test the reliability of the questionnaire for the period from April 2nd to
June 20th 2007. The pre-post test approach was applied to the study and control groups as mean for the quasiexperimental
design when the education program was implemented in the period from October 1st 2007 to
February 1st 2008. Data were analyzed through the application of the descriptive data analysis approach
(frequency, percentage, mean) and inferential data analysis approach (T-test).
Results: The study results revealed that the study group participants made use of the implementation of nursing
management program and a change had occurred to their knowledge about planning in nursing management. The
study concludes that the nursing management education program can be considered an effective mean for the
improvement of the nurse managers' knowledge about planning in nursing management.
Recommendations: The study recommends that the nursing management education program can be presented to
all nurse managers with respect to planning in nursing management.
The aim of the current study is to identify the effectiveness of cognitive conflict strategy in comprehending reading among literary fifth students in literature and literature texts. The researcher uses experimental method with partial control. The sample consisted of (80) students distributed into control and experimental groups. The scientific material, the behavioral goals, the teaching plans, and the instrument of the research have been prepared (reading comprehension test) by the researcher.
The instrument's validity and reliability have been calculated and then applied to the sample. After treating the data statistically by using SPSS, the results have revealed that there is a statistically significant difference at the si
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