Cognitive radios have the potential to greatly improve spectral efficiency in wireless networks. Cognitive radios are considered lower priority or secondary users of spectrum allocated to a primary user. Their fundamental requirement is to avoid interference to potential primary users in their vicinity. Spectrum sensing has been identified as a key enabling functionality to ensure that cognitive radios would not interfere with primary users, by reliably detecting primary user signals. In addition, reliable sensing creates spectrum opportunities for capacity increase of cognitive networks. One of the key challenges in spectrum sensing is the robust detection of primary signals in highly negative signal-to-noise regimes (SNR).In this paper ,

The design of future will still be the most confusing and puzzling issue and misgivings that arouse worry and leading to the spirit of adventures to make progress and arrive at the ways of reviving, creativity and modernism. The idea of prevailing of a certain culture or certain product in design depends on the given and available techniques, due to the fact that the computer and their artistic techniques become very important and vital to reinforce the image in the design. Thus, it is very necessary to link between these techniques and suitable way to reform the mentality by which the design will be reformed, from what has been said, (there has no utilization for the whole modern and available graphic techniques in the design proce

teen sites Baghdad are made. The sites are divided into two groups, one in Karkh and the other in Rusafa. Assessing the underground conditions can be occurred by drilling vertical holes called exploratory boring into the ground, obtaining soil (disturbed and undisturbed) samples, and testing these samples in a laboratory (civil engineering laboratory /University of Baghdad). From disturbed, the tests involved the grain size analysis and then classified the soil, Atterberg limit, chemical test (organic content, sulphate content, gypsum content and chloride content). From undisturbed samples, the test involved the consolidation test (from this test, the following parameters can be obtained: initial void ratio eo, compression index cc, swel

Abstract
The curriculum is the major effective tool in achieving the goals of
education and society.

Many countries that want to reach the forefront of developed countries
through their curriculum have realized this fact. School text book, the
application assessment for knowing the rang of success or fail of this text
book in achieving the general aims. therefore this study aims at assessing the
principals and techniques of geography text book for fourth secondary class of
literary studying from the teachers point of view according to the fields of the
book, style of material, technical arrangement of the material, ethnical
arrangement the language of the book, style of the material, technical
arrang

A case–control study (80 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus [HBV] infection and 96 controls) was performed to evaluate the association of an IL12A gene variant (rs582537 A/C/G) with HBV infection. Allele G showed a signifcantly lower frequency in patients compared to controls (31.2 vs. 46.9%; probability [p]=0.009; corrected p [pc]=0.027) and was associated with a lower risk of HBV infection (odds ratio [OR]=0.49; 95% confdence interval [CI]=0.29–0.83). A similar lower risk was associated with genotypes CG (17.5 vs. 29.2; OR=0.25; 95% CI=0.08–0.81; p=0.02) and GG (10.0 vs. 16.7; OR=0.25; 95% CI=0.07–0.91; p=0.036), but the pc value was not signifcant (0.12 and 0.126, respec‑ tively). Serum IL35 levels showed signifcant difere

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory infection among children and infants globally. The first line of the immune response against this virus is neutrophils, macrophages, and innate lymphoid cells. Antigen‑presenting cells such as dendritic cells which present the viral antigen to T lymphocytes that mediate viral clearance by T cytotoxic cells and initiate systemic lymphopenia. Humoral immunity will also be stimulated through B‑cell‑stimulating factors derived from epithelial cells of the respiratory tract that play an important factor in antibody production and induction memory to reinfection through IgG and IgA protective antibodies that are useful in vaccine production.

Abstact:
Nursery is one of educational institution in the process of developing the
social concepts that it includes a quirking the knowledge and experiences that
help the kid to adjust with environment through arrangement words ,
movements and concrete things which are transferred to the kids so as to
realize these concepts .
Social concepts are numbers of words and statements with social nature
which the kids learn through the family or nursery in order to effect their
educational style of independent and helping the others .
The re searcher adopted this theory because of the little studies in the
filed of social concepts in the nursery.
The aims of the study are as following :
1- building tools for

     Acromegaly has been associated with several metabolic health conditions that can increase risks of death and illness. These include heart disease, diabetes, and problems with how the body regulates insulin levels. Multiple studies have found that people living with acromegaly are two to four times more likely to pass away than others of the same age and sex in the general population. Research also suggests a link between acromegaly and higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the body. MDA is a byproduct formed during natural processes like prostaglandin and lipid peroxidation production that is able to damage genes and has been connected to cancer development. The transmembrane protein known as soluble a-Klotho (SAKL) is

This study assessed the quality of hand-dug drinking water sources in Eku and its environs at Eku I, Samagidi, Eku 2, and Okuechi, using the weighted arithmetic water quality index method. Water samples collected from hand-dug wells at these locations returned values for analyzed parameters. Temperature 26 – 30(⁰C), dissolved Oxygen (D.O) 5.2-8mg/l, biological oxygen demand (BOD) 5.2-8(mg/l), Electrical Conductivity (EC) 77-119(µS/cm), Total suspended solids were  (TSS) 20000-120000(mg/l), pH 5.31-7.09, Phosphates 2-9.2(mg/l), Alkalinity 28-160(mg/l), Turbidity, 0.02 -0.19(NTU) Total coliform 2 -48 (cfu/ml) and fungal count 1-502. Variations in the values of these parameters were only significant for phosphate, alkalinity, and turb