Atmospheric transmission is disturbed by scintillation, where scintillation caused more beam divergence. In this work target image spot radius was calculated in presence of atmospheric scintillation. The calculation depend on few relevant equation based on atmospheric parameter (for Middle East), tracking range, expansion ratio of applied beam expander's, receiving unit lens F-number, and the laser wavelength besides photodetector parameter. At maximum target range Rmax =20 km, target image radius is at its maximum Rs=0.4 mm. As the range decreases spot radius decreases too, until the range reaches limit (4 km) at which target image spot radius at its minimum value (0.22 mm). Then as the range decreases, spot radius increases due to geometric optical law. So tracking is possible only in the range from 3 to 11 km, depending on tracking criteria. Target image size minimized to required ratio by using transfocation technique to overcome tracking filler, this technique uses zoom lens.
We find that atmospheric scintillation is affective parameter which reduced the maximum tracking range, and to avoid tracking failure at minimum and maximum range, the transfocation technique is suitable
This study aimed to reveal the extent to which the values of social peace are included in the content of social and national studies textbooks of the middle stage in kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The study sample consisted of all developed social and national studies textbooks of the middle stage in kingdom of Saudi Arabia in first and second semester of student books in edition of 1439-1440. The study tool was the analysis card. The study reached the following results: 1-The content of social and national studies textbooks of the middle stage in kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a whole included (38) social peace values of total (40) values, corresponding to the inclusio
... Show MoreThis study examines postgraduate students’ awareness of pragmatic aspects, including Grice Maxims, Politeness, and Direct and Indirect forms of speech. According to Paul Grice’s theory of implicature, which is considered one of the most important contributions to pragmatics, this paper discusses how postgraduate students can meet the cooperative principle when communicating effectively. It also outlines how does politeness principles influence obeying or violating the maxims and how is the use of direct or indirect forms of utterances prompted by politeness. Sixteen master’s students of Linguistics and Literature were asked to take a multiple-choice test. The test will be represented along with the interpretation of each optio
... Show MoreVorwort:
Die Übersetzung gilt in der Vergangenheit als Brücke zwischen verschiedenen Gesellschaften. Sie spielt eine große Rolle im Bereich Kulturaustausch der Länder. Die Araber haben das früh betrachtet, und die Übersetzung als Wissenschaft wird eine der wichtigsten Lehren. Viele griechische Wissenschaften waren durch Übersetzung in den arabischen Ländern bekannt.
In dieser Forschung findet man einen Überblick über die Wichtigkeit der Sprichwörterübersetzung und welche Rolle spielt diese Übersetzung im Z
... Show MoreRepresent choices Behaviorism available to the Managerial leaders one of the prerequisites to run any beginnings of a psychological or dilemmas Managerial barriers to working in the field of work has been varied these options until it had taken several kinds of which contributed to the left different impacts on the alleviation of these problems, which prompted the researcher to raising the problem of study within the framework of questionable content how to contribute to that shown by Choices Behaviorism accredited to the Managerial leaders in the management of frustration
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This work includes the synthesis and identification of ligand {3-((4-acetylphenyl)amino)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex2-en-1-one} (HL* ) by the treatment of 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione with 4-aminoacetophenone under reflux. The ligand (HL* ) was identified via FTIR, Mass spectrum, elemental analysis (C.H.N.), 1H and 13C-NMR spectra, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TGA and melting point. The complexes were synthesized from ligand (HL* ) mixed with 3-aminophenol (A) and metal ion M(II), where M(II) = (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) at alkaline medium to produce complexes of general formula [M(L* )(A)] with (1:1:1) molar ratio. These complexes were detected via FT-IR spectra, UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis (A.A) and melting point, conductivit
... Show MoreTwo dwarf snakes were discovered, Eirenis thospitis Schmidtler & Lanza from Sereen mountain, north east of Arbil and E. rothii Jan from Saffin mountain North of Arbil city North of Iraqi Kurdistan. Supported by description and important notes on variation. In addition summarized list for 9 species of the genus Eirenis Jan in Iraq is also presented.
Abstract  
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Is hardly day expire without hearing the news either Abuse Managementthe accounting standards or the existence of serious misstatements by someauditors.Which caused the demanding of many companies in the recent republication of the financial statements and the re-announcement of its financialresults. Such acts raise questioning about the role that should be played by theauditors, prompting agencies responsible for setting auditing standards to takeTo throw increasingly responsibility on the auditors in order to interest risksfraud The Risks of Fraud in their review of the financial statements.also The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in the U.S.called about the need of owning the Certified Public Accountants those whoaudits for
... Show MoreThe study aims at knowing the actual uses of instructional technology in teaching history subject in the colleges of education for humanities from the college staff members' perspectives and their attitudes towards it. The sample of the study consisted of (24) instructors from the Colleges of Education for the Humanities, the College of Basic Education- Haditha and the College of Education for Women, the study used the descriptive method, and the questionnaire was consisted of (50) items, and the psychometric properties of the instrument of the study were extracted. The researchers used the appropriate statistical means to analyze the data, and the results of the study showed the following: the teaching staff attitudes towards the use of
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