This work describes the development of new spectrophotometric techniques for 3-aminophenol assessment. The first technique involves using benzidine in an alkaline solution to convert 3-aminophenol into a colored complex. The produced complex has a red color with an absorbance of 462 nm. Between the concentration range 5–14 μg mL−1, Beer's law is obeyed with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99781, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0423 μg mL−1, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.1411 μg mL−1. The recovery was between 87.2–95.43%, the relative standard deviation (%RSD) was 2.40–3.31% and the molar absorptivity was 3.545 × 103 L mol−1 cm−1. Secondly, cloud point extraction (CPE) was used to determ

Mefenamic acid belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used widely for the treatment of analgesia. Our aim from this study is to establish a new assay for the quantitative determination of mefenamic acid (MFA) in the pharmaceutical sample by two sensitive and rapid flow injection-fluorometric methods. A homemade fluorometer was used in fluorescence measurements, which using solid-state laser diode 405 and 532 nm as a source, combined with a continuous flow injection technique. The first method depends on the effect of MFA on calcein blue (CLB) fluorescence at 405 nm. Another method is a study of rhodamine-6G (Rh-6G) fluorescence after adding MFA, and recording at 532 nm. Optimum parameters as fluorescent dye concen

      In this study, the CR-39 detector technique was used, to estimate the uranium concentration from the soil in midland refineries Company (Doura refine (, Baghdad, Iraq. Uranium concentrations in soil samples have been measured using solid state nuclear track detector type CR-39.  Nine soil samples were collected from different areas within the Doura refinery and other soil samples were collected form Abu Tayara Street and ALshortaa District outside the refinery for comparison. The results showed variable values for uranium concentrations. The average value of uranium concentration was found to be 0.37 ppm in doura refinery. For areas outside the refinery, the concentration of uranium was 0.008 ppm. Thes

As part of farm animal surveillance for tuberculosis the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacterial species in horse fecal specimens wasevaluated.Thedistributions of these organisms in horses are rarely diagnosed in horses. Nevertheless, it was possible to obtain noteworthyinformation on diagnosis, manifold clinical signs and epidemiological relationships from available literature. Mycobacterial infections caused both by M. aviumcomplex (MAC)are occasionally diagnosed inhorses in Iraq. Finally, under certain conditions, horses may become a source of mycobacterial infectionsfor other animal species or for immunocompromised humans. Identification was made by classical biochemical tests,Mycobacteria were isolated from 18 (18.75%

Chemical Methodologies (CHEMM)

In this work, the plasma parameters (electron temperature and
electron density) were determined by optical emission spectroscopy
(OES) produced by the RF magnetron Zn plasma produced by
oxygen and argon at different working pressure. The spectrum was
recorded by spectrometer supplied with CCD camera, computer and
NIST standard of neutral and ionic lines of Zn, argon and oxygen.
The effects of pressure on plasma parameters were studied and a
comparison between the two gasses was made.

Mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead, were measured in sediment samples of river and marine environmental of Basra governorate in southern of Iraq. Sixteen sites of sediment were selected and distributed along Shatt Al-Arab River and the Iraqi marine environment. The samples were distributed among one station on Euphrates River before its confluence with Tigris River and Shatt Al-Arab formation, seven stations along Shatt Al-Arab River and eight stations were selected from the Iraqi marine region. All samples were collected from surface sediment in low tide time. ICP technique was used for the determination of mercury and arsenic for all samples, while cadmium and lead were measured for the same samples by using Atomic Absorption Spectrosc

Antibiotics are essential for treating infectious diseases, but their overuse and adverse effects are raising concerns about global public health. The pervasiveness of antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments has drawn increased attention in recent years. The primary concern regarding the release of antibiotics into the environment is the potential for microorganisms to become resistant to antibiotics. This review article summarizes the analytical methods used to determine the presence of trimethoprim and metronidazole in various environmental samples. These antibiotics have traditionally been analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; fluorescence or ultrav