Photonic Crystal Fiber Interferometers (PCFIs) are widely used for sensing applications. This work presents the fabrication and study the characterization of a relative humidity sensor based on a polymer-infiltrated photonic crystal fiber that operates in a Mach- Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) reflection mode. The fabrication of the sensor only involves splicing and cleaving Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) with Single Mode Fiber (SMF). A stub of (LMA-10) PCF spliced to SMF (Corning-28). In the splice regions. The PCFI sensor operation based on the adsorption and desorption of water vapour at the silica-air interface within the PCF. The sensor shows a high sensitivity to RH variations from (27% RH - 95% RH), with a change in its reflected power and the position of the interference peaks is found to be shifted that the interference pattern with a 100 nm span can be observed with high humidity sensitivity of (8.49 pm / %RH) is achieved with compact (4mm) PCF length . The sensor has the advantages for suitable for monitoring humidity in microenvironments. The repeatability, long-term stability, measurement accuracy. Wide humidity range. The response time of the sensor is found to be 1.4 sec for a change in RH of 50 %RH. The fast response time suggests that the sensor can potentially be used as a human breath rate monitor in a clinical situation.
The factors influencing the financial market are rapidly becoming more complex. The impact of non-financial factors on the performance of a company’s common stock can increase in ways that were not previously expected. This study investigated how brand capital affects the risk of stock prices in Iraqi private banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange failing by identifying the likelihood of a crash caused by a negative deviation in the distribution of returns on ordinary shares. As a result, the current study’s concept is to review an analytical knowledge framework of the nature of that relationship, its changes, and its impact on the pricing of ordinary shares of the banks of the researched sector for the years 2009 to 2017, as w
... Show MoreThe main idea that led me to write such research paper within the framework of Germanic linguistics is that I have not found any topic dealing with the term correlate in the German language, except in several articles in linguistic journals as well as one topic in a book describing the use of such a linguistic phenomenon in the language system. The research initially deals with the definition of the correlate at the level of the German language system. Correlate is unity describes specific relation of two sentences and identifies denoted constructs. Correlate is called a placeholder at the syntactic level because it does not occupy its original topological fields in the syntactic structure. The correlate (es) or the prepositiona
... Show MoreMoisture damage is one of the most significant troubles that destroy asphaltic pavement and reduces road serviceability. Recently, academics have noticed a trend to utilize fibers to enhance the efficiency of asphalt pavement. This research explores the effect of low-cost ceramic fiber, which has high tensile strength and a very high thermal insulation coefficient, on the asphalt mixture's characteristics by adding three different proportions (0.75%, 1.5%, and 2.25%). The Marshall test and the Tensile Strength Ratio Test (TSR) were utilized to describe the impact of ceramic fiber on the characteristics of Marshall and the moisture susceptibility of the hot mix asphalt mixture. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microsc
... Show MorePPSU hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes are prepared by applying two concentrations and various extrusion pressures according to the phase inversion method. Cross-sectional area and outer structures were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In additional to the pore size distribution, either the mean roughness or the mean pore size of the PPSU hollow fiber surfaces was evaluated by AFM. It was found that the morphology of the PPSU fibers had both sponge-like and finger-like structures through different extrusion pressures and PPSU concentrations. The mean pore size and mean roughness for inner and outer surfaces were seen to be decreased with the increase of extrusion pressure at
... Show MoreIn this work, a CW CO2 laser was used for cutting samples of the fiber-reinforced
plastics (FRP) of three different types of reinforcing material; aramide, glass and carbon.
Cutting process was investigated throughout the variation of some parameters of cutting
process and their effects on cutting quality as well as the effect of an inert gas exist in the
interaction region and finally using a mechanical chopper in order to enhance the cutting
quality. Results obtained explained the possibility to perform laser cutting with high
quality in these materials by good control of the parameters and conditions of the process.
The massive growth of the automotive industry and the development of vehicles use lead to produce a huge amount of waste tire rubber. Rubber tires are non-biodegradable, resulting in environmental problems such as fire risks. In this search, the flexural behavior of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) beams containing different percentages and sizes of waste tire rubbers were studied and compared them with the flexural behavior of SCC and SFRSCC. Micro steel fiber (straight type) with aspect ratio 65 was used in mixes. The replacement of coarse and fine aggregate was 20% and 10% with chip and crumb rubber. Also, the replacement of limestone dust and silica fume was 50%, 25%, and 12% with ground rubbe
... Show MoreResearch on the automated extraction of essential data from an electrocardiography (ECG) recording has been a significant topic for a long time. The main focus of digital processing processes is to measure fiducial points that determine the beginning and end of the P, QRS, and T waves based on their waveform properties. The presence of unavoidable noise during ECG data collection and inherent physiological differences among individuals make it challenging to accurately identify these reference points, resulting in suboptimal performance. This is done through several primary stages that rely on the idea of preliminary processing of the ECG electrical signal through a set of steps (preparing raw data and converting them into files tha
... Show MorePolyaniline organic Semiconductor polymer was prepared by oxidation polymerization by adding hydrochloric acid concentration of 0.1M and potassium per sulfate concentration of 0.2M to 0.1M of aniline at room temperature, the polymer was deposited at glass substrate, the structural and optical properties were studies through UV-VIS, IR, XRD measurements, films have been operated as a sensor of vapor H2SO4 and HCl acids.
We can summarize the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by looking at our nutrition, age, and lifestyle. β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR) are outcomes of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. As an indirect result of IR on important metabolic enzymes, lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are also a factor in T2DM patients. Recent research has indicated that lipid fluctuation may be the cause of poor glucose metabolism as well as one of its effects. Fatty acids (FAs) affect cell membrane fluidity and permeability, insulin receptor binding and signaling, and the translocation of glucose transporters. Therefore, it is suggested that FAs might play a crucial part in the emergence of IR and T2DM.
We can summarize the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by looking at our nutrition, age, and lifestyle. β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR) are outcomes of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. As an indirect result of IR on important metabolic enzymes, lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are also a factor in T2DM patients. Recent research has indicated that lipid fluctuation may be the cause of poor glucose metabolism as well as one of its effects. Fatty acids (FAs) affect cell membrane fluidity and permeability, insulin receptor binding and signaling, and the translocation of glucose transporters. Therefore, it is suggested that FAs might play a crucial part in the emergence of IR and T2DM. The cu
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