Liquid membrane electrodes for the determination iron(III) were constructed based on chloramphenicol sodium succinate and iron(III) CPSS-Fe(III) as ion pair complex, with four plasticizers Di-butyl phosphate (DBP); Di-butyl phthalate (DBPH); Di-octyl phthalate (DOP); Tri-butyl phosphate (TBP); in PVC matrix . These electrodes give Nernstian and sub-Nernstian slopes (19.79, 24.60, 16.01 and 13.82mV/decade) and linear ranges from (1x10-5-1x10-2 M, 1x10-5-1x10-2 M, 1x10-6-1x10-2 M and 1x10-5-1x10-2 M) respectively. The best electrode was based on DBP plasticizer which gave a slope 19.79 mV/decade, correlation coefficient 0.9999, detection limit of 9×10-6 M, lifetime 37 day displayed good stability and reproducibility and used to determine

Sustainability including renewable energy and green power, is one of the important feature in recent years due to environmental constraints and the emission of CO2 from fossil fuel. Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process is considered one of the effective technology for power generation. This study assessed the application of pressure retarded osmosis to produce power from Tigris River water in Baghdad City, Iraq. Spiral wound TFC membrane was tested in the PRO process with different variables. The effect of different types of draw solutions (MgCl2, NaCl, Sodium Formate, KCl, Sodium Acetate), applied pressure (0 – 7 bar), and draw solution concentration (0.08 and 0.4 M) were tested in this work. The flux, recovery, and power density for

Several toxigenic cyanobacteria produce the cyanotoxin (microcystin). Being a health and environmental hazard, screening of water sources for the presence of microcystin is increasingly becoming a recommended environmental procedure in many countries of the world. This study was conducted to assess the ability of freshwater cyanobacterial species Westiellopsis prolifica to produce microcystins in Iraqi freshwaters via using molecular and immunological tools. The toxigenicity of W. prolifica was compared via laboratory experiments with other dominant bloom-forming cyanobacteria isolated from the Tigris River: Microcystis aeruginosa, Chroococcus turigidus, Nostoc carneum, and Lyngbya sp. signifi

This study was conducted to examine the discharge capacity of the reach of the Tigris River between Kut and Amarah Barrages of 250km in length. The examination includes simulation the current capacity of the reach by using HEC-RAS model. 247cross sections surveyed in 2012 were used in the simulation. The model was calibrated using observed discharges of 533, 800, 1025 and 3000m³/s discharged at Kut Barrage during 2013, 1995, 1995 and 1988, respectively, and its related water level at three gauge stations located along the reach. The result of calibration process indicated that the lowest Root Mean Square Error of 0.095 can be obtained when using Manning’s n coefficient of 0.026, 0.03 for th

The nonlinear refractive (NLR) index and third order susceptibility (X3) of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been studied using two laser wavelengths (473 and 532 nm). The z-scan technique was used to examine the nonlinearity. Results showed that all concentrations have negative NLR indices in the order of 10−10 cm2/W at two laser wavelengths. Moreover, the nonlinearity of CQDs was improved by increasing the concentration of CQDs. The highest value of third order susceptibility was found to be 3.32*10−8 (esu) for CQDs with a concentration of 70 mA at 473 nm wavelength.

The lowest layer of the atmosphere is called the atmospheric mixed layer, characterized by small-scale, irregular air motions defined by winds that change in speed and direction. Aerosol radiative effects impact the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), which holds most aerosols in the lower atmosphere. Aerosol absorption and scattering both lower the quantity of solar energy that reaches the ground, which has an impact on the spectral signature of the land coverings. In this study, 51 locations in downtown Baghdad were chosen for four different types of land cover (water bodies, farms, open areas, and residential areas) for Sentinel 2 satellite imagery, and the time the pictures were taken was 8:00 am ( 22 March, 22 June, 20 September,

The radon gas concentration in environmental samples soil and water of selected regions in Al-Najaf governorate was measured by using alpha-emitters registrations which are emitted form radon gas in (CR-39) nuclear track detector. The first part is concerned with the determination of radon gas concentration in soil samples, results of measurements indicate that the highest average radon concentration in soil samples was found in (Al-Moalmen) region which was (100.0±7.0 Bq/m3), while the lowest average radon concentration was found in (Al-Askary) region which was (38.5±4.7 Bq/m3), with an average value of (64.23±14.9 Bq/m3) ,the results show that the radon gas concentrations in soil is below the allowed limit from (ICRP) agency which is (

LandSat Satellite ETM+ image have been analyzed to detect the different depths of regions inside the Tigris river in order to detect the regions that need to remove sedimentation in Baghdad in Iraq Country. The scene consisted of six bands (without the thermal band), It was captured in March ٢٠٠١. The variance in depth is determined by applying the rationing technique on the bands ٣ and ٥. GIS ٩. ١ program is used to apply the rationing technique and determined the results.

Aims of this research to determine asbestos fibers levels in surrounding air of some crowded sites of Baghdad city were monitored in summer 2020. Collection of samples was conducted by directing air flow to a mixed cellulose ester membrane filter mounted on an open‑faced filter holder using sniffer a low flow sampling pump, samples of air were collected from five studied areas selected in some heavy traffic areas of Baghdad city, (Al-Bayaa and Al-Shurta tunnel, Al-Jadriya, and Al-Meshin commercial complex, control), then analyzed to determine concentrations of asbestos fibers. Counting of asbestos on the filters was carried out through using both scanning electron microscope SEM and an energy dispersive X‑ray system EDS to count