Semiconductor-based photocatalytic processes are widely applied as ecofriendly technology for degrading organic pollutants. Establishing photocatalytic heterojunctions with Z-type photocarriers transfer pathways is projected to be a superb strategy to enhance photocatalytic behavior. In this paper, novel and stable (0D/2D) heterojunctions of CoS-embedded boron-doped g-C3N4 (CoS/BCN) with a high rate of charges transfer/separation were assembled for degradation of malachite green dye (MG). The CoS/BCN photocatalyst achieves a photodegradation efficiency of 96.9 % within 1 h of LED illumination, which is 2.5 and 1.4-fold enhancement compared with bare g-C3N4 and BCN, respectively. Besides, the results of species-trapping trials exhibited that

This review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming operations across exploration, production, and refining in the Middle Eastern oil and gas sector. Using a systematic literature review approach, the study analyzes AI adoption in upstream, midstream, and downstream activities, with a focus on predictive maintenance, emission monitoring, and digital transformation. It identifies both opportunities and challenges in applying AI to achieve environmental and economic goals. Although adoption levels vary across the region, countries such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar are leading initiatives that align with global sustainability targets.

Compounds were prepared from In2O3 doped SnO2 with different doping ratio by mixing and sintering at 1000oC. Pulsed Laser Deposition PLD was used to deposit thin films of different doping ratio In2O3: SnO2 (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 % wt.) on glass and p-type wafer Si(111) substrates at ambient temperature under vacuum of 10-3 bar thickness of ~100nm. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy were used to examine the structural type, grain size and morphology of the prepared thin films. The results show the structures of thin films was also polycrystalline, and the predominate peaks are identical with standard cards ITO. On the other side the prepared thin films declared a reduction of degree of crystallinity with the increase of doping ra

Aluminum doped zinc selenide ZnSe/n-Si thin films of (250∓20 nm) thickness with (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03), are depositing on the two type of substrate (glass and n-Si) to manufacture (ZnSe/n-Si) solar cell through using thermal vacuum evaporation procedure. physical and optoelectronic properties were examined for the samples. X-Ray and AFM techniques are using to study the structure properties. The energy band gap of as-deposited ZnSe thin films for changed dopant ratio were ranging from (2.6-2.68 eV). The results of Hall effect show that pure and doping films were (p-type), and the concentration carriers and the carriers mobility increases with increase Al-dopant ratio. The (C-V) have shown that the heterojunction were of abrupt type. In add

The electronic characteristics, including the density of state and bond length, in addition to the spectroscopic properties such as IR spectrum and Raman scattering, as a function of the frequency of Sn₁₀O₁₆, C₂₄O_6, and hybrid junction (Sn₁₀O₁₆/C₂₄O₆) were studied. The methodology uses DFT for all electron levels with the hybrid function B3-LYP (Becke level, 3-parameters, Lee–Yang-Parr), with 6-311G (p,d)  basis set, and Stuttgart/Dresden (SDD) basis set, using Gaussian 09 theoretical calculations. The geometrical structures were calculated by Gaussian view 05 as a supplementary program. The band gap was calculated and compared to the measured valu

The increasing population growth resulting in the tremendous increase in consumption of fuels, energy, and petrochemical products and coupled with the depletion in conventional crude oil reserves and production make it imperative for Nigeria to explore her bitumen reserves so as to meet her energy and petrochemicals needs. Samples of Agbabu bitumen were subjected to thermal cracking in a tubular steel reactor operated at 10 bar pressure to investigate the effect of temperature on the cracking reaction. The gas produced was analyzed in a Gas Chromatograph while the liquid products were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Heptane was the dominant gas produced in bitumen cracking at all temperatures and the r