The choice of gate dielectric materials is fundamental for organic field effect transistors (OFET), integrated circuits, and several electronic applications. The operation of the OFET depends on two essential parameters: the insulation between the semiconductor layer and the gate electrode and the capacitance of the insulator. In this work, the electrical behavior of a pentacene-based OFET with a top contact / bottom gate was studied. Organic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and inorganic hafnium oxide (HfO2) were chosen as gate dielectric materials to lower the operation voltage to achieve the next generation of electronic applications. In this study, the performance of the OFET was studied using monolayer and bilayer gate insulators. To model and analyze a device's electrical properties, MATLAB was used. Two main parameters were studied: switching ratio (Ion/Ioff) and subthreshold swing (SS), as well as the effect of dielectric capacitance on the gate dielectric materials. The PVA/HfO2 bilayer gate dielectric gave the best results in Ion/Ioff ratio, SS and transconductance of 9.05´10-7, -1.52, and -4.99 x10-5A/V respectively, which is because the dielectric capacitance has increased.
Expansive soil spreads in Iraq and some countries of the world. But there are many problems can be occurred to the structures that built on, so we must study the characteristics of these soils due to the problems that may be caused to these structures which built on these kinds of soil and then study the methods of treatment. The present study focuses on improving the geotechnical properties of expansive soils by treating it Metakaolin(M). Metakaolin (M) has never been used before as an improvement material for stabilizing the expansive soil . Metakaolin is a pozzolanic material. It’s obtained by calcination of kaolinite clay at temperatures from 700°C to 800°C. Kaolin chemical composition is
... Show MoreThe importance of internal audit in the growing demand for services in the public and private economic units, and in the rapid growth of its systems professional, has also been recognition of the importance of internal audit quality and the quality of information provided in a long time, as well as the importance of achieving the greatest possible quality in his work to reduce accounting risks of financial reports misleading or fraudulent, which is one of the important features of the audit.
The internal audit quality are linked with the ability of auditors to detect errors in the financial statements, and their willingness to express an opinion technical neutral and non-aligned based on the results of th
... Show MoreThis study includes the direct influence of (single & multi) dose of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) on the no. of platelets for mice for different exposure time (15, 30, 60, and 120) sec. the influence of CAP on mice was measured after 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 day from exposure.
The results obtained in this study indicate that the effect of low doses of CAP on platelets was stimulatory effect in the first few hours from exposure (1day) but the high dose was inhibitory, It was found that after two weeks of exposure that the number of platelets became normal comparable to the control one, and this indicates that plasma effect was removed after this period.
Many studies have been made and still concerning the field of translation. Since the mid-90's a considerable amount of researches has tackled the problem of gender and its effect on the process and the product of translation. Simon (1996, p 508) points out that when comparing women and men as translators and writers through history, women seem to be the weaker side. This paves the way to feminist movements which produce prominent studies concerning gender as a concept and translator's gender as practice on the quality and the accuracy of the translation.
Flotow (in Meschia, 2012, p 1-4) outlines several issues that can be
... Show MoreThe present study discusses the problem based learning in Iraqi classroom. This method aims to involve all learners in collaborative activities and it is learner-centered method. To fulfill the aims and verify the hypothesis which reads as follow” It is hypothesized that there is no statistically significant differences between the achievements of Experimental group and control group”. Thirty learners are selected to be the sample of present study.Mann-Whitney Test for two independent samples is used to analysis the results. The analysis shows that experimental group’s members who are taught according to problem based learning gets higher scores than the control group’s members who are taught according to traditional method. This
... Show MoreNanocrystalline TiO 2 and CuO doped TiO 2 thin films were successfully deposited on suitably cleaned glass substrate at constant room temperature and different concentrations of CuO (0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2) wt% using pulse laser deposition(PLD) technique at a constant deposition parameter such as : (pulse Nd:YAG laser with λ=1064 nm, constant energy 800 mJ, with repetition rate 6 Hz and No. of pulse (500). The films were annealed at different annealing temperatures 423K and 523 K. The effect of annealing on the morphological and electrical properties was studied. Surface morphology of the thin films has been studied by using atomic force microscopes which showed that the films have good crystalline and homogeneous surface. The Root M
... Show MoreThe present study discusses the problem based learning in Iraqi classroom. This method aims to involve all learners in collaborative activities and it is learner-centered method. To fulfill the aims and verify the hypothesis which reads as follow” It is hypothesized that there is no statistically significant differences between the achievements of Experimental group and control group”. Thirty learners are selected to be the sample of present study.Mann-Whitney Test for two independent samples is used to analysis the results. The analysis shows that experimental group’s members who are taught according to problem based learning gets higher scores than the control group’s members who are taught according to traditional method. This
... Show Moreسمير خلف فياض * و محسن طالب د.نوال عزت عبد اللطيف*, مجلة الهندسة والتكنولوجيا, 2010
The research aims to measure the impact of the empowerment strategy on the performance of employees by mediating organizational trust in the organization. The problem of research was the weak ability of most business organizations to employ the strategy of empowerment in maximizing the performance of employees, and the importance of research in practice lies in the results of a guide to managers in how to use the strategy of empowerment in maximizing the performance of employees by mediating organizational trust dimensions of ability, benevolence, integrity. In order to achieve the objectives of the research and to answer the questions of the problem, the researcher has adopted the descriptive analytical approach as the questionnaire was
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