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Design High Efficient Reflectivity of Distributed Bragg Reflectors
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Bragg Reflectors consist of periodic dielectric layers having an optical path length of quarter wavelength for each layer giving them important properties and makes them suitable for optoelectronics applications. The reflectivity can be increased by increasing the number of layers of the mirror to get the required value. For example for an 8 layers Bragg mirror (two layers for each dielectric pair), the contrast of the refractive index has to be equal to 0.275 for reaching reflectivity > 99%. Doubling the number of layers results in a reflectivity of 99.99%. The high reflectivity is purely caused by multiple-interference effects. It can be analyzed by using different matrix methods such as the transfer matrix method (TMM) which is the simplest method to study the characteristic of devices with different alternating layers.

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
TREATMENT OF A HIGH STRENGTH ACIDIC INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL WASTEWATER USING EXPANDED BED ADSORBER
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Treatment of a high strength acidic industrial wastewater was attempted by activated carbon
adsorption to evaluate the feasibility of yielding effluents of reusable qualities. The experimental
methods which were employed in this investigation included batch and column studies. The
former was used to evaluate the rate and equilibrium of carbon adsorption, while the latter was
used to determine treatment efficiencies and performance characteristics. Fixed bed and expanded
bed adsorbers were constructed in the column studies. In this study, the adsorption behavior of acetic acid onto activated carbon was examined as a function of the concentration of the adsorbate, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The adsorption data was mo

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 28 2022
Journal Name
The Iraqi Journal Of Veterinary Medicine
Effect of Phosphatidylcholine on Dyslipidemia and Atherogenic Index in High Fructose Exposed Rats
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the beneficial effects of phosphatidylcholine in reducing changes in both lipid and protein profiles in addition to atherogenic index in adult rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Thirty-six mature Wistar Albino female rats (Rattus norvegicus) (aged 12-15 weeks and weighing 200±10 g) were divided randomly into four groups (G1, G2, G3, and G4); then variable treatments were orally administered for 62 days as follows: G1 (Control group), received distilled water; G2, treated with phosphatidylcholine (PC) orally (1 g/kg BW); G3 (Fr), orally dosed with 40% fructose and 25% fructose mixed with drinking water; G4 (Fr+PC), were also intubated with 40% fr

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 26 2013
Journal Name
Astronomy & Astrophysics
High-resolution observations of SDSS J080800.99+483807.7 in the optical and radio domains
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Publication Date
Mon Aug 30 2021
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Psychological and Physical Correlates of Body Image Dissatisfaction among High School Egyptian Students
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Background: Body image is one of the most important psychological factors that affects adolescents’ personality and behavior. Body image can be defined as the person’s perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about his or her body.

Objectives: to identify the prevalence of body image concerns among secondary school students and its relation to different factors.

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in which 796 secondary school students participated and body shape concerns was investigated using the body shape questionnaire (BSQ-34).

Results: The prevalence of moderate/marked concern was (21.6%). Moderate/ marked body shape concern was significantly associated

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Heat Dissipation Performance of High-Power CPUs using Finned Copper Foam Heat Sinks
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Thermal management has become a major issue in the latest high performance computing machines because high CPU temperatures result in inefficient performance and decreased hardware life span. In this work, the cooling performance of a finned metal foam heat sink (FMFHS) was examined. The pore density values of tested copper metal foam (CMF) samples with different values of PPI 5, 10 and 20, with a constant porosity of 90%. For reference, these samples were measured by a conventional Aluminum plate-fin heat sink (CHS). The work was performed under experimental conditions in which air directed over the heat sink surface at air velocities (2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 m/s). The environmental temperature was fixed at 27 °C. Findings

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2025
Journal Name
Results In Engineering
From the waste: High selective recovery of scandium REEs from the bauxite residue
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Bauxite residue (red mud) is a waste material from alumina refineries in the Bayer process, containing significant quantities of valuable metals, notably scandium (Sc). The objective of this study is to recover Sc (III) from Hungarian bauxite residue by using hydrometallurgical processes, including solvent extraction and leaching. Red mud directly leached with hydrochloric acid to generate the leachate solution. The significant iron content (~38 %) in red mud makes it hard to recover scandium selectively due to comparable physicochemical characteristics. According to the findings, Fe (III) could be effectively extracted from hydrochloric acid leachate as HFeC14 using diethyl ether before Sc extraction. Protocol B demonstrated superior recov

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2004
Journal Name
Al-academy
تصميم حرف طباعي وفق النسبة الذهبي
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تصميم حرف طباعي وفق النسبة الذهبي

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 21 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
المضامين الفكرية في تصميم الطوابع العراقية
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تعد الطوابع احدى وسائل الاتصال المهمة في المجتمع لما تتميز به من مستوى في القيمة الفنية والفكرية، فضلاً عن كونها وسيلة من وسائل الخطاب الاعلامي وذلك لتعدد وظائفها التي من ابرزها:التوثيق لمرحلة معينة وحدث ما.التداولية الرسمية للمراسلات المحلية والعالمية.الاعلانية كونها تعطي انطباعاً عن مراحل التطور والتقدم الاجتماعي والحضاري والسياسي للمجتمع.الدعائية لما تتضمنه من مفاهيم وأفكار وتوجهات سياسية واقتصادية

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of accounting disclosure in the efficient performance of the tax authority: Applied research in the General Commission for Taxes
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               Starting with a problem of the weakness of accounting disclosure in some companies administration when preparing and presenting the financial reports which are submitted to the Tax authority. This problem impacts on Tax authority performance (The effect on the quality of the performance of the tax authority), because of the lack of conviction for the information contained in those reports, and the  failure to achieve accurate results in tax authority performance that leads to a negative impact on determining taxable income and affect tax revenue, as well as negative impact on  determining taxable income and affect tax revenue, as well as negati

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effectiveness of an Educational Program in Light Of Behavioral Cognitive Theory to Develop Efficient Response to Students Affected by Crises
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The aim of this research is to construct an educational program in light of the theory of behavioral cognitive and its impact on the development of the efficient response to students affected by crises (centers of your right to education). To achieve the objectives of the research, two scales were developed by the researcher in addition to two equivalent hypotheses were formulated. The scale contains (26) items divided into five fields; for its validity and reliability were derived based on the measure of efficient response, an educational program based on the theory of behavioral cognition. The test and the educational program were applied to a sample of (60) students from the centers of your right to education, divided into experimenta

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