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PDF Design Optical BPF Using Double Clad Fiber MZI for Free Space Optical Communication: Mohanad G. Khamees , Tahreer S. Mansour*
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Abstract: A novel design of Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) in terms of using special type of optical fiber that has double clad with graded distribution of the refractive index that can be easily implemented practically was suggested and simulated in this work. The suggested design is compact, rapid, and is simple to be modified and tested. The simulated design contains a MZI of 1546.74 nm of central wavelength that is constructed using special type of double clad optical fiber that has two different numerical apertures. The first aperture will supply single mode propagation via its core, while the second numerical aperture supports a zigzag wave propagation (multimode) in the first clad region. The interferometer’s sensing arm (double clad fiber) was etched using 40% Hydro-Fluoric (HF) acid to achieve three different fiber diameters, which are ( 84, 72, 54 ) µm with ( 5 ) cm length. The simulation programs Optiwave version 15 and Optigrating version 4.2.2 were used to simulate the setup and to acquire the readings for the three durations of etching (10, 20, and 30) min, and also for the case of no etching at all. The obtained results show that the simulated setup can be used efficiently to test which one of the etching cases has the highest effect on the performance of the overall system, specifically when it comes to spectrum bandwidth, signal amplitude, and received power.

 

The simulated design contains a MZI of 1546.74 n. meter of central reflection wavelength that is constructed from different types of optical fibers. The used Double Clad (DC) optical fiber diameter was reduced in 3 steps as if it was etched using Hydro-Fluoric (HF) acid to achieve three additional different diameters, which are (84, 72, 54) µ. meters in addition to the default 125 µ. meters.

 

The simulation programs (Optiwave and Optigrating) were used to simulate the setup and to acquire the readings for the three durations of etching (10, 20, and 30) min, and also for the case of no etching at all. The obtained results show that the simulated setup can be used efficiently to test which one of the etching cases has the highest effect on the performance of the overall system, specifically when it comes to spectrum bandwidth, signal amplitude, and received power.

 

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 25 2025
Journal Name
Retos
The effect of neurofeedback on free throw accuracy in female basketball players of Baghdad University
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Background: Female basketball players often face difficulties in maintaining free throw accuracy, particularly under psychological and neural pressure. Traditional training emphasizes physical skills, often neglecting cognitive and neurophysiological factors essential for precision performance. Objective: This study examined the effect of neurofeedback training on free throw accuracy in female basketball players at the University of Baghdad, comparing outcomes between an experimental group and a control group, and assessing associated neural changes. Methods: A quasi-experimental design involved two groups: an experimental group receiving neurofeedback to regulate brainwave activity, and a control group undergoing traditional traini

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2022
Journal Name
Evergreen
Development, Validation, and Performance Evaluation of An Air-Driven Free-Piston Linear Expander Numerical Model
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 30 2011
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Laminar Free Convection in Three Dimensional Inclined Porous Annulus with Fins on the Inner Cylinder
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An experimental and numerical study was carried out to investigate the heat transfer by natural convection in a three dimensional annulus enclosure filled with porous media (silica sand) between two inclined concentric cylinders with (and without) annular fins attached to the inner cylinder under steady state condition. The experiments were carried out for a range of modified Rayleigh number (0.2 ≤Ra*≤ 11) and extended to Ra*=500 for numerical study and for annulus inclination angle of (δ = 0˚, 30˚, 60˚ and 90˚). The numerical study was to give the governing equation under assumptions that used Darcy law and Boussinesq’s approximation and then it was solved numerically using finite difference approximation. It was found that t

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2011
Journal Name
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
Free radical scavenging activity of silibinin in nitrite-induced hemoglobin oxidation and membrane fragility models
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Publication Date
Sat Aug 24 2024
Journal Name
Mathematics
Identification of Time-Wise Thermal Diffusivity, Advection Velocity on the Free-Boundary Inverse Coefficient Problem
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This paper is concerned with finding solutions to free-boundary inverse coefficient problems. Mathematically, we handle a one-dimensional non-homogeneous heat equation subject to initial and boundary conditions as well as non-localized integral observations of zeroth and first-order heat momentum. The direct problem is solved for the temperature distribution and the non-localized integral measurements using the Crank–Nicolson finite difference method. The inverse problem is solved by simultaneously finding the temperature distribution, the time-dependent free-boundary function indicating the location of the moving interface, and the time-wise thermal diffusivity or advection velocities. We reformulate the inverse problem as a non-

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Fantasy Parody in the Design of the Advertisement
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This research deals with the topic (Fantasy Parody in the Design of the Advertisement) in view of the important role that fantasia plays in designing the most creative and attractive advertisements to the recipients. The research problem lies in accordance with the following question:
What is the Fantasy Parody in the Design of the Advertisement?
It means the imagination, the unfamiliar; and features that emerge for it that distinguish it from other concepts. Fantasy advertisement is creativity in innovative ways, either through collage, merging, or the use of various artistic expressions in terms of intellectual and cultural awareness. When uses in the parody of advertisement, it has helped to come up with an aesthetic experie

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 18 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Mechanical Properties of MIG Joints for Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys
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The research aims to investigate the effects of GMAW or MIG welding process on the mechanical properties of dissimilar aluminum alloys 2024-T351 and AA 6061- T651. A series of experimental techniques have been conducted to evaluate mechanical properties of the alloys, by carrying out hardness, tensile and bending tests for welded and un-welded specimens.

Metal inert gas (MIG) has been carried out on sheet metal using ER- 4043(AlSi5) as a filler metal and argon as shielded gas. The welded joints were tested by X-ray radiography and Faulty pieces were excluded.

Welding joints without defects are subjected to heat treatment including heating the joints in furnace to 170 °C for half an hour then air cooling to rel

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using Bayesian method to estimate the parameters of Exponential Growth Model with Autocorrelation problem and different values of parameter of correlation-using simulation
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We have studied Bayesian method in this paper by using the modified exponential growth model, where this model is more using to represent the growth phenomena. We focus on three of prior functions (Informative, Natural Conjugate, and the function that depends on previous experiments) to use it in the Bayesian method. Where almost of observations for the growth phenomena are depended on one another, which in turn leads to a correlation between those observations, which calls to treat such this problem, called Autocorrelation, and to verified this has been used Bayesian method.

The goal of this study is to knowledge the effect of Autocorrelation on the estimation by using Bayesian method. F

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The counseling needs for classroom teachers specialization in Jerash University from their point of view and its relationship with certain variables
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This study aimed at identifying the counseling needs for classroom teachers specialization in
Jerash university. The sample of the study consisted (112) students. To achieve this goal a
scale with (39) items was built by the researcher, this scale has four domains they are as
follows; family, social, psychological and academic domain. The results of this study showed
that counseling needs obtain the heighest average. As well as, the results of the study revealed
that there were statistical differences in favor of gender and teaching year variable. Finally the
study stated a list of recommendations.

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
(The Segmentation of Industrial Market and its Effect in Targeting Market : An descriptive analytical study for a sample of industrial companies in Iraq)
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 This study deals with segmenting the industrial market as an independent variable and targeting the industrial market as a dependent variable. Since the industrial sector represents one of the most important fundamental pillars to build the economies of countries and their development , the Iraqi industrial sector was chosen as a population for the study . Based on measuring the study variables , identifying them and testing the correlation and effect on each other , the study reached a group of findings:

1- Increasing the level of availability of study variables inside the companies “The study sample”.

2- There is a correlation between the independent v

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