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PDF Design Optical BPF Using Double Clad Fiber MZI for Free Space Optical Communication: Mohanad G. Khamees , Tahreer S. Mansour*
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Abstract: A novel design of Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) in terms of using special type of optical fiber that has double clad with graded distribution of the refractive index that can be easily implemented practically was suggested and simulated in this work. The suggested design is compact, rapid, and is simple to be modified and tested. The simulated design contains a MZI of 1546.74 nm of central wavelength that is constructed using special type of double clad optical fiber that has two different numerical apertures. The first aperture will supply single mode propagation via its core, while the second numerical aperture supports a zigzag wave propagation (multimode) in the first clad region. The interferometer’s sensing arm (double clad fiber) was etched using 40% Hydro-Fluoric (HF) acid to achieve three different fiber diameters, which are ( 84, 72, 54 ) µm with ( 5 ) cm length. The simulation programs Optiwave version 15 and Optigrating version 4.2.2 were used to simulate the setup and to acquire the readings for the three durations of etching (10, 20, and 30) min, and also for the case of no etching at all. The obtained results show that the simulated setup can be used efficiently to test which one of the etching cases has the highest effect on the performance of the overall system, specifically when it comes to spectrum bandwidth, signal amplitude, and received power.

 

The simulated design contains a MZI of 1546.74 n. meter of central reflection wavelength that is constructed from different types of optical fibers. The used Double Clad (DC) optical fiber diameter was reduced in 3 steps as if it was etched using Hydro-Fluoric (HF) acid to achieve three additional different diameters, which are (84, 72, 54) µ. meters in addition to the default 125 µ. meters.

 

The simulation programs (Optiwave and Optigrating) were used to simulate the setup and to acquire the readings for the three durations of etching (10, 20, and 30) min, and also for the case of no etching at all. The obtained results show that the simulated setup can be used efficiently to test which one of the etching cases has the highest effect on the performance of the overall system, specifically when it comes to spectrum bandwidth, signal amplitude, and received power.

 

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2019
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Issues Among the provisions of the use of the mosque and its dependencies
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God Almighty set out to build mosques, and he commanded to seek their architecture, and the competition for them, and allocate them with types of worship that are not valid in others, and to preserve their sanctity and not to be degraded and taken for mundane purposes and special benefits, because they are considered one of the most prominent features of Islam and the rituals of Islamic society, so this research came to show the rule Sharia in various and contemporary issues that are needed by the imams of the mosques, their rulers, and those responsible for them. Among the issues in which they have examined comparative juristic research and reached the most correct opinion are:
Building mosques over or under buildings and factories i

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Kinetic, Isotherm and Thermodynamic Studies on the Ciprofloxacin Adsorption from Aqueous Solution Using Aleppo bentonite
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          Aleppo bentonite was investigated to remove ciprofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the several factors affecting the removal process, including contact time, pH of solution, bentonite dosage, ion strength, and temperature. The optimum contact time, pH of solution and bentonite dosage were determined to be 60 minutes, 6 and 0.15 g/50 ml, respectively. The bentonite efficiency in removing CIP decreased from 89.9% to 53.21% with increasing Ionic strength from 0 to 500mM, and it increased from 89% to 96.9% when the temperature increased from 298 to 318 K. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo second-order model was the best in describing  the adsorption sys

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Iraqi opposition press from The P.M. Yaseen Al-Hashimi second term till the death of king Ghazi ( 1935 – 1939 )
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At the beginning of 1935 theMinistry of (Yasin AL-Hashimi) was formed which was the result of the (Sulayikh)Conference .The new ministys policy was towards the authority of the one party and the exclusivity of power.The policy of (Yasin AL-Hashemi)has faced severe campaigns from the AL-Ekhaa and AL-Ahaly newspapers.The new ministry like its predecessor ministries . When it faces criticism from opposition newspapers .its shutting down newspapers and not accepting requests for them. Some opposition newspapers named Yassin AL-Hashemi (the dictator).Iraqi opposition newspapers have been neglected and deprived of press freedom although they were the main factor in educating the community and representing the public opinion of people . Lt appe

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Extraction of Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Petroleum Products Using Sulfolane as Industrial Solvent
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            Liquid – liquid equilibria data were measured at 293.15 K for the pseudo ternary system (sulfolane + alkanol) + octane + toluene. It is observed that the selectivity of pure sulfolane increases with cosolvent methanol but decreases with increasing the chain length of hydrocarbon in 1-alkanol. The nonrandom two liquid (NRTL) model, UNIQUAC model and UNIFAC model were used to correlate the experimental data and to predict the phase composition of the systems studied. The calculation based on NRTL model gave a good representation of the experimental tie-line data for all systems studied. The agreement between the correlated and the experimental results was very good

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
The Biosorption of Cr (VI) From Aqueous Solution Using Date Palm Fibers (Leef)
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The ability of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution using date palm fibers (leef) was investigated .The effects of pH, contact time, sorbets concentration and initial  metal ions concentration on the biosorption were investigated.

The residual concentration of Cr (VI) in solution was determined colorimetrically using spectrophotometer at wave length 540 nm .The biosorption was pH-dependent, the optimum pH was 7 and adsorption isotherms obtained fitted well with Langmuir isotherms .The Langmuir equation obtained was Ce/Cs = 79.99 Ce-77.39, the correlation factor was 0.908.These results indicate that date palm fibers (leef) has a potential effect for the uptake of Cr (VI) from industrial waste water.

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 31 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EFFECT OF ADDING TWO (Curcuma longa) LEVELS OF CURCUMA ON SOME PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR QUAIL JAPANESE.: EFFECT OF ADDING TWO (Curcuma longa) LEVELS OF CURCUMA ON SOME PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR QUAIL JAPANESE.
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A study carried out in quail’s field owned by the Department of Animal production/ Collage of Agriculture / Tikrit University. For the period 14/ 5/ 2016 to 4/ 6/ 2016 in order to study the effect of adding Curcuma longa - to the diet of quails - on some productive and physiological characteristics of the Japanese quail birds bred for meat production. Using (48) quail birds which are two weeks old provided by Department of Agricultural Research. The birds were divided randomly after weighing them into three treatments; four replicate treatments for (4 bird/ replicate). The treatments as follows: (T1) control group (fed diet without any supplement), second (T2) and third (T3) groups were fed diet supplemental 4.5 and 9g Curcuma powder /

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
HONOUR " IN SOMERSET MAUGHAM 'S A MAN OF HONOUR MAUGHAM AS A DRAMATIST
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Somerset Maugham is known mainly as a novelist . This paper presents Maugham the dramatist . Many critics have found him a promising dramatist . He has written 30 plays , then he turns his back upon the theater and writes his autobiographical and most successful novel Of Human Bondage ( 1915) .

        Maugham's writing is clear , precise , and simple . He is described as a realist who is keenly aware of human nature , its concentration and frustration . His only tragedy A Man of Honour is a play in 4 acts . This paper concentrates mainly on this play to show Maugham as a dramatist and to show his concept of " honour " .

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Applied Numerical Mathematics
Multiple time-dependent coefficient identification thermal problems with a free boundary
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 20 2022
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
NEW RECORDS OF FREE-LIVING PROTOZOA (SARCODINA) FROM BAGHDAD CITY, IRAQ
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Studies in Iraq that concerned identification of free-living Protozoa (sarcodina) are scarce; so the current study deals with these protozoan communities inhabiting the Tigris River in Baghdad City. Sampling collection stations have been selected at each of AL-Gheraiˈat and AL-Adhamiyah area adjacent to the river. Monthly intervals sampling with three samples were collected from each station from June to September 2020. Total of 23 sarcodina taxa were listed, out of them 5 taxa were new record to the Tigris River in Baghdad: Difflugia urceolata Carter, 1864 (Arcellinida, Difflugiidae), Heleopera perapetricola Leidy, 1879 (Arcellinida, Heleoperidae), Rhaphidiophrys pallida F.E. Schulze, 1874 (Centrohelida, Raphidiophridae), Saccamoeba sp

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Alexandria Engineering Journal
A review of free piston engine control literature—Taxonomy and techniques
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Scopus (34)
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