In this paper we report the use of supersonic jet laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy to facilitate the study of the spectra of some organometallic sandwich compounds particularly the metallocenes. The charge-transfer processes within these compounds, especially ligand to metal charge transfer within decamethylrhenocene ( - C5 Me5)2 Re were of particular interest. The spectrum shows a high degree of structures, indicating that there are several levels populated and these molecules are able to undergo many possible transitions

Urinary stones are one of the most common painful disorders of the urinary system. Four new technologies have transformed the treatment of urinary stones: Electrohydraulic lithotripsy, ultrasonic lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and laser lithotripsy.The purpose of this study is to determine whether pulsed holmium laser energy is an effective method for fragmenting urinary tract stones in vitro, and to determine whether stone composition affects the efficacy of holmium laser lithotripsy. Human urinary stones of known composition with different sizes, shapes and colors were used for this study. The weight and the size of each stone were measured. The surgical laser system which used in our study is Ho:YAG laser(2100nm)

Students' passive listening to their teacher's reading is one of main
reasons behindtheir weakness in the reading skill which in its turn may
hinderachieving the in desired objectives.
When exploiting critical thinking, which will lead to deeper
understanding of the intellectual content, in learning and accurate and
correct students' outcomes.
Active listening allows paying attention to the speaker, asking him,
arguing with him, judging what he says, and making decision on what
he says. For this reason, the researcher felt the need for preforming a
study to identify the effect of critical listening on developing students'
critical thinking at reading in the Kurdish language department.
The researcher has

To develop a new basis to reduce the phenomenon of stress, one researcher used relaxation techniques is the use of medicinal herbs sedative which is emphasized by some specialists and researchers because of its direct impact on some of the functions of the body as members have a significant impact on the player from the mental and physical Came the importance of research in the use of medicinal herbs sedative and in particular (Lafracin Black, Plantago Sinani great, Alternen) within the program to soothe the psychological players badminton to get rid of the tension felt by sports by athletic competition through the use of a program to ease the psychological with a range of herbs and both means of calming influence of the nervous system. The

The goal of this research is to find the effects of both the studying students groupwhich has various educational levels and the integration of the fragmented information through or during the study of history subjects for the female students of the fifth secondary literary section.
To achieve this study or case the researcher has chosen an experimental design or test by studying three groups: two are as mentioned above and the third is just ordinary team. In addition to that, there is a test after the experiment. The researcher chose on purpose female students of the literal section from two different secondary school Al Asil and Wahran both are secondary school for girls, and both are from directorate of education- Al Karkh 2nd dist

Euphemisms are advantageous in people’s social life by turning sensitive into a more acceptable ones so that resentful feelings and embarrassment can be avoided. This study investigates the ability of Iraqi English learners in using euphemistic expressions, meanwhile, raising their awareness and the faculty members in English teaching faculties regarding the relevance of discussing the topics that demand euphemisation. This study comprised three stages: initial test, explicit instruction with activities, and a final test for the students’ development in this domain. A test has been distributed among 50 respondents, who are at the fourth year of their undergraduate study at the University of Babylon/ College of Basic Education. The lo

This study addresses the selection of the optimal site for establishing a waste landfill within the study area by utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques integrated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology and the Weighted Overlay tool for multi-criteria spatial analysis. Six key criteria influencing site suitability were identified, including distance from urban areas, agricultural lands, irrigation canals, roads, villages, and barren (uncultivated and uninhabited) areas, with a focus on potential environmental and health impacts. The results indicate that ideal landfill sites are located at distances exceeding 800 to 1000 meters from agricultural and urban areas, providing effective protection to soil and gr

تعد الديمقراطية من أهم المواضيع التي عنيت بها الفلسفة فهي مثار نقاش بين الفلاسفة ورجال الفكر والسياسة، إذ تعود الجذور الأولى لفكرة الديمقراطية إلى الفلاسفة اليونان لكن تبلورها لم يتأتى إلا مع فلاسفة العقد الاجتماعي والتي تقوم على فلسفة الذات المؤسسة على فكرة العقد الاجتماعي الذي ينتقل الإفراد بموجبة إلى الحالة المدنية لكن هذا الطرح لقي تفنيدا في الفكر السياسي المعاصر وهو ما حاول يورغن هابرماس التأسيس له من

The research aims at:
1 - Detection of the degree of social values (truthfulness, honesty, cooperation) of the
primary first class students who compose members of the research sample in general.
2 - Are there significant differences at the level (0,05%) between the average degree of
members of the research sample in the values (truthfulness, honesty, cooperation) among
students enrolled and not enrolled in kindergarten and in general.
3 - Are there significant differences at the level (0,05%) between the mean scores of
individuals in the sample values (truthfulness, honesty, cooperation) in the light of two
variables: A - Gender (male / female), b - enrolled and not enrolled in kindergarten.
Having in mind that