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Pulsed Er,Cr:YSGG Laser For Surface Modification of Dental Zerconia Ceramic
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Background: Surface treatment of machined dental zirconia for enhancement of the adhesion to resin cement, using Er,Cr:YSGG  Laser. Materials and Methods: Total number of 42 zirconia disc specimens (9 mm diameter, and 2 mm height) was sintered according to the manufacturer instruction. They are divided into six groups, each group of seven samples. Laser groups (Experiment parameters) were depend on laser total irradiation time, pulse duration, and power. Group (A): 20 sec., 60 µs pulse duration. Group (B): 30 sec., 60 µs pulse duration. Group (C): 40 sec., 60 µs pulse duration. Group (D): 20 sec., 700 µs pulse duration. Group (E): 30 sec., 700 µs pulse duration, with different powers used (1, 1.50, 2, 2.50, 3, 3.50, 4) W. And finally group (N): untreated samples representing the control group. Luting cement was applied to laser treated zirconia sample’s surfaces and cured by light for 40 s. Then all sample surfaces were examined under a stereo microscope, for determining the depth mean values of the created pulse holes, for each specimen. The bond between the laser treated zirconia surfaces and the applied resin cement, were examined for all samples by using a universal testing machine, for determination of the shear bond strength values. Six additional specimens: one untreated sample and five other samples that were laser irradiated with the parameters that exhibited the highest shear bond strength values in each treated group, were examined for their average surface roughness by using an atomic force microscope. Another similar six specimens were also examined for their surface morphology, by using a scanning electron microscope. Both surface examination methods were performed by specialized operators. The bond failure modes were also examined by an optical microscope. Results obtained from shear bond strength test and laser pulse depth examination were statistically analyzed. Results: There was significant differences in the shear bond strength values, indicating a clear increase in zirconia-resin cement bonding, especially in group B (30 s, 60 µs, 4W), reaching  (8.63 Mpa). Whereas, the control group had (4.49 Mpa), and an enhanced zirconia surface average roughness, that group E (30 s, 700 µs, 3.5 W) specimen had the highest value (14.5nm), among the six examined specimens. While the control specimen had the least value examined which is (3.05nm). Conclusion: A relation between the cement bonding efficiency and the laser treated zirconia surface roughness, laser pulse depths was detected. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser pulse duration and  power is  crucial parameters in the surface roughness enhancement of the zirconia ceramic.

 

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 26 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Mechanics Of Continua And Mathematical Sciences
VSM Based Models and Integration of Exact and Fuzzy Similarity For Improving Detection of External Textual Plagiarism admin June 29, 2019
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Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Tue May 19 2026
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Development of Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Chlorpromazine-Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations Via Use Ion-Exchange to Overcome the Interfering Ions
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Measure the cost of the service in the insurance sector: A study for the Department of Insurance auto / / National Insurance Company
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Insurance is one of effective high-impact activities in the economic and social aspects of development and that the insurance companies after the creation of stability, balance and support other sectors. The insurance of financial institutions with economic and social importance has an impact on the development and help shoulder the burden of risk and distribution. And measuring Indicators of service and cost her help in evaluating the performance and activity of insurance, and the study of sectors needed by society, institutions and individuals and development of the company. Covering all aspects of life and activity. In this study will focus on the insurance sector in the field of car accidents and so plentiful and their problems and d

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Media in Developing the Tax Awareness of the Iraqi Citizen: Applied Study in the General Commission for Taxes
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 Interested in many scholars and reseachers  the subject of the media and means varied his roleinfluential in the definition of the public of issues and political, cultural, social and because of its spread wide and ability to address the people of all levels effect them  in the formation consciousness of those issues and types of this awareness is an awareness of the tax, contribute to media formation consciousness tax through the definition of people what tax and importance of the role of its revenues to supplement the state budget by posting tax laws and regulations of applied and all what respect process account tax, to be in charge of the tax familiar enough about this, which avoid being cheated taxmisleading when rev

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Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an education program for Caregivers Knowledge Related to Management of Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency in Outpatient Endocrine Clinics
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Objectives: The study aims to assess and evaluate the caregivers  knowledge  about management of the children with growth hormone deficiency and to find out the relationship between caregivers kowledge and caregivers age, gender, number of individual in house hold, Date of treatment started ,Caregivers level education and economic status Methodology: Quazi expermental study design was carried out at (Child's Central Teaching Hospital, Medical City of Al Imamian Al Khadhmain Teaching Hospital, and National Centre for Treatment and Research of Diabetes,Specialized Center for Endocrine Diseases and Diabetes, and Department of Medical City Children Welfare Teaching Hospital started  from 

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Publication Date
Mon May 19 2025
Journal Name
Retos
The effect of the cube model on visual-spatial intelligence and learning the skill of spiking in volleyball for female students
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Objective: To identify the effect of the cube model on visual-spatial intelligence and learning the skill of spikinging in volleyball for female students, The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups with pre- and post-measurements. Research methodology: The main research sample of (30) female students was selected from the research community represented by second-stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Baghdad for the academic year (2024-2025). The sample was divided equally into two control and experimental groups. The researchers conducted the sample homogenization process and the equivalence process between the two groups in the variables of visua

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Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2024
Journal Name
Lark
The Image of the Arab in Hebrew Literature for Young Adults – A Reading of the Novel “Nadia” by Kalila Ron Feder
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يهدف هذا البحث الى التطرق الى صورة العربي كما يعرضها ادب اليافعين العبري في رواية " نادية " للكاتبة العبرية " كاليلا رون فيدر " . والتي تعد من الاديبات العبريات اللواتي تطرقن بصورة مباشرة الى موضوع ما خلف الجدار ، والصراع العربي – الإسرائيلي وانعكاساته على المجتمع الإسرائيلي بصورة عامة والمجتمع العربي بصورة خاصة . ينقسم هذا البحث إلى ثلاثة فصول، تطرق الفصل الأول  إلى "ادب اليافعين"، و تاريخه ، مميزاته والفئ

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Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Mar 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Systematic analysis of artistic work as an introduction to planning training for teaching art education to students of Sultan Qaboos University
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The current research aims to train students to take benefit of their studies to analyze and taste the artistic works as one of the most important components of the academic structure for students specializing in visual arts; then to activate this during training them the methods of teaching. Consequently, the capabilities of mind maps were employed as a tool that would be through freeing each student to analyze a model of artistic work and think about his analytical principles according to what he knows. Then, a start-up with a new stage revolves around the possibility of transforming this analysis into a teaching style by thinking about how the student would do. The same person who undertook the technical analysis should offer this work

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of electronic trading and central filing in the performance of the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2008-2018)
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The rapid development of information technology and its use in all areas has had a positive impact on all areas, and financial markets have had a share of this development through the use of an electronic trading system to settle transactions, enhance transparency and disclosure in all activities of these markets and revitalize their performance.

The reason for choosing this topic is that it is a very important topic for what modern technology addresses in trading operations in financial markets. It is worth noting that these innovations have eliminated the need for direct contact with people, but through the Internet and telephone networks, and the new technology has reduced the costs of building systems

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 28 2025
Journal Name
مجلة علوم الرياضة
Building and codifying the Icelandic scale for coaches from the perspective of the aspirations of the Iraqi Premier League volleyball clubs
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The research aims: to build a measure of the cognitive competence of coaches from the point of view of players of Iraqi Premier League volleyball clubs and extract scores and standard levels for it. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive method was used using the survey method. As for the research sample, it was chosen intentionally, and was represented by volleyball players for the Premier League 2024-2025. The sample was divided into exploratory, constructive, and standardizing, and starting the construction procedures, which included finding the scientific foundations for the scale, in addition to extracting the modified standard score and levels for the sample of the main experiment for standardization. Amou

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