This work presents the use of laser diode in the fiber distributed data interface FDDI networks. FDDI uses optical fiber as a transmission media. This solves the problems resulted from the EMI, and noise. In addition it increases the security of transmission. A network with a ring topology consists of three computers was designed and implemented. The timed token protocol was used to achieve and control the process of communication over the ring. Nonreturn to zero inversion (NRZI) modulation was carried out as a part of the physical (PHY) sublayer. The optical system consists of a laser diode with wavelength of 820 nm and 2.5 mW maximum output power as a source, optical fiber as a channel, and positive intrinsic negative (PIN) photodiode with maximum responsivity at wavelength of 820 nm as a detector. Practical tests were carried out on the laser diode showed that the output characteristics and spectral characteristics of the laser diode depend largely on the drive current. The maximum separation distance between successive stations in the ring was 5.4 km. From the performance tests, it was concluded that the maximum throughput and maximum access delay are directly proportional to length of the transmitted information. A trade off between the transmitted information length and the maximum access delay is needed.
Design Considerations of Laser Source in a Ring Network Based on Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Publication Date
Fri Nov 01 2024
Journal Name
Heliyon
(12)
(15)
Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Molecular Structure
(3)
(3)
Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Causal relationship between sugar prices, imported sun flower oil, crude oil prices and the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar
اسعار النفط الخام
اسعار السكر
اسعار زيت زهرة الشمس
العلاقة السببية.
agricultural
causality
crude oil
exchange rate
Abstract
The increasing of some traded Agricultural crops prices coincide with the increasing of crude oil prices in global market since the beginning of 21st century which indicate the possibility of short run and long run causality relation between the imported economic variables. The study aims to analysis the causality effects between some of Agricultural crops prices imported by Iraq and the prices of crude oil and Iraq dinar exchange rate in global markets for period (2004:1 -2016:4) theory for developing the adequate price and economic police for Iraqi economic sector. The results show the existence of short- run and long- run between the eco
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Publication Date
Sat Jan 03 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Molecular Structure
Synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations, molecular docking, ADMET analysis and biological activity of Schiff base metal complexes against colon cancer cells
Metal-thiocyanate complexes
DFT analysis
Caco-2 colon carcinoma
ADMET pharmacokinetic prediction
Cytotoxicity assay
and molecular docking
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(2)
Publication Date
Thu Aug 18 2016
Journal Name
Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, And Biotechnology
(156)
(133)
Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2018
Journal Name
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular And Biomolecular Spectroscopy
(106)
(100)
Publication Date
Fri Nov 01 2019
Journal Name
Brain, Behavior, And Immunity
(135)
(138)
Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Engineering Analysis With Boundary Elements
(11)
Publication Date
Tue May 12 2026
Journal Name
Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
Publication Date
Tue Jun 24 2025
Journal Name
Food And Bioprocess Technology
Classification of Apple Slices Treated by Atmospheric Plasma Jet for Post-harvest Processes Using Image Processing and Convolutional Neural Networks
Abstract<p>Apple slice grading is useful in post-harvest operations for sorting, grading, packaging, labeling, processing, storage, transportation, and meeting market demand and consumer preferences. Proper grading of apple slices can help ensure the quality, safety, and marketability of the final products, contributing to the post-harvest operations of the overall success of the apple industry. The article aims to create a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify images of apple slices after immersing them in atmospheric plasma at two different pressures (1 and 5 atm) and two different immersion times (3 and again 6 min) once and in filtered water based on the hardness of the slices usin</p>
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Apple slice
Convolutional neural network
Atmospheric plasma
Hardness
(2)
(2)