The implementation of decentralization in Iraq was asymmetrical, leading to different forms and paces of implementation. Comparing four cases of Basra, Kirkuk, Nineveh, and Sulaymaniyah indicate that these cases differ in their political stability and autonomy in a way that led to a different forms of decentralization. This paper argues that the higher the level of political autonomy from the federal government, the more efficient the governance model, and the more efficient the governance model, the more legitimate the system (trust), and the more legitimate a system, the more accountable elected officials. Therefore, it recommends reforming the institutional setup of decentralization by having districts, instead of provinces, as the bu

   A comparison of double informative and non- informative priors assumed for the parameter of Rayleigh distribution is considered. Three different sets of double priors are included, for a single unknown parameter of Rayleigh distribution. We have assumed three double priors: the square root inverted gamma (SRIG) - the natural conjugate family of priors distribution, the square root inverted gamma – the non-informative distribution, and the natural conjugate family of priors - the non-informative distribution as double priors .The data is generating form three cases from Rayleigh distribution for different samples sizes (small, medium, and large). And Bayes estimators for the parameter is derived under a squared erro

The Al-Shishtary is considered one of the well-known Andalus poets. His poetry represents a flood of kind emotions, springs from the sincere sources of Divine Love, and this is what we felt in his life and his literary prestige. He was a poet who was familiar withthe art of his timeknowsthe oldand popularintellectual assets ofIslamicSciencesof Sharee'a. This wide culture, which he had, is available to him through his many travels between the coasts of Syria, Egypt and others ... to become Imam of the religion way known as(Al-Shishtariyah)resonatedin the hearts ofthe general publicespecially the poor people. This showshis smoothand influential styleand his humanitarian andsimple words which resonate in the hearts of his followers, therefo

The research tackles the monetary policy of the Abassynian state in Baghdad – the center of the Abassynian caliphate in her last days. This age lasts for morethan eight decades . success – sively four caliphates ruled throuyhout these decades. First. ALNaser Ledeen Alah. AL- Daher Be Amer Alah, AL- mustanser Be-Alah then ALmustausem Be-Alah. This caliphate witnessed a sense of release from the boundage of the Salju guian supremqcy which resulted in an interest in coinage of money (Dinarsamd derhem) and engraving it usiny new forms and new weight that reflects the states monetary independence and national sovereignity being an essencial means for treating in the ex– change of trading between people. Caliphat e also made sure of prot

Oral jelly is a semisolid preparation that could resolve problem associated withdosage form’s swallowing, especially in pediatric and elderly ones. This work aimedto prepare oral flurbiprofen (FBP) jelly to improve patient compliance. Heating andcongealing method was used to prepare FBP jelly using three different polymers (pectin,sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose). The effect ofdifferent concentrations of pectin and sucrose on jelly properties was studied. Theresults revealed that both pectin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose polymers gaveacceptable jelly appearance and consistency. It was also observed that the increase ofpectin or sucrose concentration had a significant impact on jelly viscosity. All pe

Oral carcinoma is the 6th most common cancer in the world. MicroRNAs are small non-coding single stranded RNAs. They have been shown to be capable of altering mRNA expression; thus some are oncogenic or tumor suppressive in nature. The salivary microRNA-31 has been proposed as a sensitive marker for oral malignancy since it was abundant in saliva more than in plasma. A total of 55 whole saliva samples were collected from 35 cases diagnosed with OC their ages and gender matched with 20 healthy subjects. TaqManq RT-PCR was performed for RNA samples. Mean age was 52.23+13.73 years in cases (range:17-70 years) with male predominance represented 69%. Risk of smoking and alcoholism was highly significant. The median fold change of miR-31 was sign

Prochloperazine maleate (PCM) is one of the most prescribed phenothiazine. The purpose of the present research was to develop fast dissolving tablets of PCM with β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Tablets prepared  by wet granulation with sublimation and by using  different superdisintegrants type [ low-hydroxypropylcellulose LH21 (L-HPC LH21), carboxymethylcellulose calcium (ECG505), crospovidone (CP)], and different type of subliming agents (urea and ammonium bicarbonate (AB)). Tablets evaluated for its % friability, disintegration time, wetting time, hardness, content uniformity, weight variation, in vitro dissolution studies. For further enhancement of disintegration and dissolution, PCM orodispersible tablet were formula

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder of incidence rate 1-2%. Genetic, congenital, developmental, tumors, head trauma and central nervous system infections maybe the cause of epilepsy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of stomatitis, xerostomia and taste disorder among patients taking carbamazepine or sodium valproate and to make salivary analysis for IgA, cystatin c and salivary flow rate. Material and method:This study performed in al- Yarmuk teaching hospital in Baghdad, Samples consist of (70) epileptics half of them treated with carbamazepine and other half treated with sodium valproate, and (18) healthy control group of both genders and with different ages to detect the prevalence of oral manifestations, s

Several types of laser are used in experimental works in order to study the effects of laser on blood vessel. They differ from each other by a lot of properties mainly in wavelength, energy of the laser and pulse duration. In this study argon laser (488 nm- 514 nm) and continuous Nd: YAG laSer (1064 nm), have been applied to 50 samples of sheep blgod tesselS. Histologically, tha results of the study were different According to the txpe of L`sar used; apgon larer had distrabtave effects on $he blood vessal while continuous Nd: YAG laser Appeaped to be the safesd one on the blmod vessel architecture. This study concluded that argoj laser has da-aging ef&ect on

One of the important units in Sharq Dijla Water Treatment Plant (WTP) first and second extensions are the alum solution preparation and dosing unit. The existing operation of this unit accomplished manually starting from unloading the powder alum in the preparation basin and ending by controlling the alum dosage addition through the dosing pumps to the flash mix chambers. Because of the modern trend of monitoring and control the automatic operation of WTPs due to the great benefits that could be gain from optimum equipment operation, reducing the operating costs and human errors. This study deals with how to transform the conventional operation to an automatic monitoring and controlling system depending on a Programmable