Efficient and cost-effective drilling of directional wells necessitates the implementation of best drilling practices and advanced techniques to optimize drilling operations. Failure to adequately consider drilling risks can result in inefficient drilling operations and non-productive time (NPT). Although advanced drilling techniques may be expensive, they offer promising technical solutions for mitigating drilling risks. This paper aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of advanced drilling techniques in mitigating risks and improving drilling operations when compared to conventional drilling techniques. Specifically, the advanced drilling techniques employed in Buzurgan Oil Field, including vertical drilling with mud motor, managed pressure drilling (MPD), rotary steerable system (RSS), and expandable liner hanger (ELH), are investigated and evaluated through case study analyses, comparing their performance to that of conventional drilling techniques. The findings indicate that vertical drilling with mud motor exhibits superior drilling performance and wellbore verticality compared to conventional rotary drilling bottom hole assemblies (BHA) for drilling the 17 ½" hole section. MPD systems employed in the 12 ¼" hole section demonstrate safe drilling operations and higher rates of penetration (ROP) than conventional drilling methods. Rotary steerable systems exhibit reduced tortuosity and achieve higher ROP when compared to mud motor usage in the 8.5" and 6" hole sections. Lastly, investigations of expandable liner hanger cases reveal subpar cement quality in the first case and liner remedial work in the second case, highlighting the successful implementation of ELH techniques in the offset field. Overall, this paper highlights the advantages of utilizing advanced drilling techniques in Buzurgan Oil Field, showcasing their ability to mitigate drilling risks and enhance drilling operations when compared to conventional drilling approaches.
Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory disease and its incidence has been increasing. The features of hepatitis are the release of inflammatory cytokines, the elevation of AST and ALT, and hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Concanavalin A considered as essential model represents the acute immune-mediated liver damage in rodents. Thymoquinone is well known herbal compound that exert hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. In this study, we focus on the immunoregulatory and liver protective effect of thymoquinone in a mouse model of concanavalin A-induced liver injury.
Twenty-four male mice were randomly divided into four groups each containing six animals: Negative control group, concanavalin A model group,
... Show MoreEducation varies in terms of form and content between verbal and abstract education through the delivery of knowledge and enriching experiences through verbal communication and ephemeral learning and based on sensory experiences that provide visual and audio visualizations that make it imperative to install and retain knowledge and experience. It is obvious that meanings And the concepts grow the more tangible sensory experiences that make the process of communication highly efficient, and the more the learner's acquisition of direct sensory experiences, ie the first source is the life situations and normal circumstances of the process of communication, but if these can not be available It is necessary to a
... Show MoreNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease that ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). So far, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that hepatic carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) is markedly reduced in NASH patients, diabetic
The use of ultraviolet rays is one of the methods of treating surface contamination of many foods especially pickles. however, there are some side effects to its use, especially in high percentage oil food products, it is necessary to determine the appropriate doses and time periods to avoid deterioration of its oil physicochemical characteristics. this study was conducted to see the effect of ultraviolet rays 15W on some chemical properties of olive oil when using it to preserve green olive pickles, treated for 5, 10 and 15 min daily. green olive fruits Iraqi variety (al-ashrasi), in season (2020-2021) were pickled using Spanish style, the best time period to pr
... Show MoreThe effects of essential oilNigella sativa and Menthawas study on the chemical, microbial and sensory properties for soft white cheese that produced from it during storage at 0, 7 and 14 days .The results show significantly percent decrease in moisture for all samplesand maximum decrease was at the latest storage period for all them .The reduced in moisture was accompanied with increase in percentage of protein and fat during of storage period for all samples.
The control sample showed increased in bacterial logarithmic for total count bacterial, coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, proteolytic bacteria, lipolytic bacteria and mold and yeasts during of storage period , the highest results showed at the latest storage period 14days, it w
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses magnetization and radio waves, rather than x-rays to make very detailed, cross- sectional pictures of the brain. In this work we are going to explain some procedures belongs contrast and brightness improvement which is very important in the improvement the image quality such as the manipulation with the image histogram. Its has been explained in this worked the histogram shrink i.e. reducing the size of the gray level gives a dim low contrast picture is produced, where, the histogram stretching of the gray level was distributed on a wide scale but there is no increase in the number of pixels in the bright region. The histogram equalization has also been discuss together with its effects of the improveme
... Show MoreIn this paper, a method for hiding cipher text in an image file is introduced . The
proposed method is to hide the cipher text message in the frequency domain of the image.
This method contained two phases: the first is embedding phase and the second is extraction
phase. In the embedding phase the image is transformed from time domain to frequency
domain using discrete wavelet decomposition technique (Haar). The text message encrypted
using RSA algorithm; then Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm used to hide secret message
in high frequency. The proposed method is tested in different images and showed success in
hiding information according to the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) measure of the the
original ima
Surveillance cameras are video cameras used for the purpose of observing an area. They are often connected to a recording device or IP network, and may be watched by a security guard or law enforcement officer. In case of location have less percentage of movement (like home courtyard during night); then we need to check whole recorded video to show where and when that motion occur which are wasting in time. So this paper aims at processing the real time video captured by a Webcam to detect motion in the Scene using MATLAB 2012a, with keeping in mind that camera still recorded which means real time detection. The results show accuracy and efficiency in detecting motion