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Study in Kinetics of Saponification Reaction of Diethyl Adipate with Sodium Hydroxide Solution under Reactive Distillation
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This research presents a new study in kinetics under reactive distillation by using consecutive two – step reaction : the saponification reaction of diethyl adipate with sodium hydroxide solution . The distillation process takes the role of withdrawing the intermediate product (sodium monoethyladipate SMA) which otherwise converts to the final product of low purity.The effect of three parameters were studied through a design of experiments applying 23 factorial design. These parameters were : the mole ratio of DA to NaOH solution (0.1 and 1) , NaOH solution concentration (3 N and 8 N) , and batch time (1.5 hr. and 3.5 hr.) . The conversion of DA to sodium monoethyladipate(SMA)(intermediate product) was the effect of these parameters which was detected .The results showed that increasing mole ratio of DA to NaOHsolution increases the conversionto a maximum value within the range of study.The effect of NaOH solution concentration decreases the conversion to a specified value within the range of study . The effect of batch time on conversion was decreasing the conversion to a specified value within the range of study . The maximum attainable conversion within the studied range of parameters was  eighteen fold of thebase case.Reaction rate constant k and the order of reaction n of first reaction weredetrminedusing the differential method . The study attempted to determine n and k under the maximum conversion condition obtained in this system which corresponds to : feed mole ratio of diethyl adipateDA to NaOH solution of 0.3,NaOH solution concentration of3 Nandtime of1.5 hr.The study showed that the reaction order was 1.5and reaction rate constant was 0.8m3/kmol.s at a temperature of 100

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 01 2020
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Experimental Investigation of Under Reamed Pile Subjected to Dynamic Loading in Sandy Soil
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Abstract<p>This paper presents an experimental study between uniform pile and different types of under-reamed pile, single bulb. The under-reamed piles are piles with enlarged bases that are suitable to resist considerable movement of the ground, filed up ground, soft clay, and loose sand which have advantages to increase the soil strength, uplift capacity, and decrease the displacement. In the present study, there are experimental analyze to performance the suitable under-reamed type under sinusoidal load from vertical vibration (motor-oscillator was mounted directly on the pile cap. The main finding of this work is that the pile capacity increases with the ream and that all stress values of so</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 25 2018
Journal Name
Oriental Journal Of Chemistry
Advancement and Validation of new Derivatives Spectrophotometric Method for Individual and Simultaneous Estimation of Diclofenac Sodium and Nicotinamide
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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Oxygen and NaCl Concentration Cells: the Influence of Solution Temperature and Aeration
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Corrosion rate tests were carried out on carbon steel under concentration cells conditions of oxygen and sodium chloride. The effect of aeration in one compartment on the corrosion rate of both coupled metals was determined. In addition, the effects of time and temperatures on the corrosion rate of both coupled metals and galvanic currents between them were investigated. Corrosion potentials for the whole range of operating conditions under concentration cell conditions were also studied.   The results showed that under aeration condition, the formation of concentration cell caused a considerable corrosion rate of the Carbon steel specimens coupled in different concentrations of O2 and NaCl due to the galvanic effect

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Biochemical & Cellular Archives
INVESTIGATION OF VITAMIN D, ESTRADIOL AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN PRE AND POST-MENOPAUSAL IRAQI TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN WOMEN.
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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic chronic disease, with global estimation increase in patient (around 100 million in 2030).The aim of the current study is to investigate vitamin D, C-reactive protein and estradiol levels in pre and postmenopausal Iraqi women with type 2 diabetes (T2MD).A total of 176 female distributed into two groups: the first included 90 women withT2MD (43 pre and 47 post-menopausal); the second group included 86 healthy subjects (41 pre and 45 postmenopausal) considered as control. This study has shown that women in premenopausal (20-40 years) had highly significant difference in the estradiol and vitamin D levels in diabetes subjects (62.192 ± 17.643pg/ml, 10.522 ± 1.958ng/ml) compared with healthy (131.793 ± 1

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Evaluation of the effect of sodium fluoride addition on some mechanical properties of heat cure acrylic denture base materials
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Background: The geriatric patients wearing removable partial dentures are increasing in proportion. At the same time, the root caries prevalence accompanied by gingival recession is increasing. A variety of vehicles can deliver fluoride into the oral cavity, including fluoride mouth-rinse, fluoride dentifrice, topical fluoride, and fluoride-releasing restorative materials, all of which effectively prevent root caries and suppress recurrent caries. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium fluoride addition on some mechanical properties of heat cure acrylic denture base material. Material and method: A total of 90 samples were prepared in this study, then divided into three main groups according to the type of test used (hardness, te

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Ieee Access
Assessment of Delamination Under Insulation Using Ridge Waveguide
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Quality of Audit Work Under Expert System
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The research aims to extrapolate the repercussions of the use of expert systems in the work of the external auditor on the quality of audit, as the research problem was that despite the use of these techniques in audit work, there is a problem related to the efficiency and effectiveness of these technological systems used in audit work, the feasibility of their use and the extent of their impact: The quality of the audit process.

The researchers adopted the questionnaire as a tool for collecting study data from a community composed of auditors in auditing offices and companies in Iraq, and the auditors of the Iraqi Federal Financial Supervision Bureau. The number of recovered and valid qu

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2025
Journal Name
Al-nahrain Journal For Engineering Sciences
Optimum Height of Plate Stiffener under Pressure Effect
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The economical design of plate loaded by pressure can be obtained by using stiffeners instead of increasing the thickness of plate. The main subject of this work is to obtain the effect of stiffener height on the maximum stress in the plate subjected to pressure load. Different plate-stiffener sets are selected to find the effects of stiffener thickness, plate dimensions and pressure, on the optimum stiffener height. The models under consideration are square plates clamped rigidly from four edges. Finite Element method is used to analyze 160 different models by using the Finite Element software package ANSYS version 11. Another analysis method based on maximum stress equation is used to analyze 30 models. The graphical comparison of results

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2008
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Impact Energy of 100Cr6 under low different velocities
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This study has been undertaken to postulate the mechanism of impact test at low velocities. Thin-walled tubes of 100Cr6 were deformed under axial compression. In the present work there are seven velocities (4.429,4.652,5.240,5.600,5.942,6.264, 6.569) m\sec were applied to show how they effect the load, change in length, also the kinetic energy. However, the comparison between the obtained results and the other studies (Alexandar[3] , Abramowicz[4], Ayad[5]) was made the present work and Ayad data show good agreement. Load, change in length, kinetic energy were determined to understand the impact test.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Rehabend
Damping characteristics of dry sandy soils under impact
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