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Swab – Surge Pressure Investigation, and the Influence Factors, Prediction and Calculation (Review)
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Surge pressure is supplemental pressure because of the movement of the pipes downward and the swab pressure is the pressure reduction as a result of the drill string's upward movement. Bottom hole pressure is reduced because of swabbing influence. An Investigation showed that the surge pressure has great importance for the circulation loss problem produced by unstable processes in the management pressure drilling (MPD) actions. Through Trip Margin there is an increase in the hydrostatic pressure of mud that compensates for the reduction of bottom pressure due to stop pumping and/or swabbing effect while pulling the pipe out of the hole. This overview shows suggested mathematical/numerical models for simulating surge pressure problems inside the wellbore with adjustable cross-section parts. The developed models require simple input data that may be gotten from the rig location. Pressure variations due to Swabs and surge has been a major concern in the oil industry for numerous years. If the pressure variations become moreover extraordinary, this leads to formation fracture, and formation influx principal to a kick. In the worst circumstances and situations that kick principal on the blowout and put crew life in hazard. By using theoretical investigation and experimental consequences, it established that the surge pressure is a function of the well depth, the drilling tools combination, the diameter of the wellbore, drilling mud properties, drilling pipe operation speed, and acceleration of the drill pipe movement, etc. This review focuses and investigates the essential theory and on software that computes the pressure variations in different flow conditions to predict surge and swab pressure values.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Using of Index Biological Integrity of Phytoplankton (P-IBI) in the Assessment of Water Quality in Don River Section
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       The multimetric Phytoplankton Index of Biological Integrity (P-IBI) was applied throughout Rostov on Don city (Russia) on 8 Locations in Don River from April – October 2019. The P-IBI is composed from seven metrics: Species Richness Index (SRI), Density of Phytoplankton and total biomass of phytoplankton and Relative Abundance (RA) for blue-green Algae, Green Algae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenaphyceae Algae. The average P-IBI values fell within the range of (45.09-52.4). Therefore, water throughout the entire study area was characterized by the equally "poor" quality. Negative points of anthropogenic impact detected at the stations are: Above the city of Rostov-on-Don (1 km, higher duct Aksai) was 38.57 i

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Oil And Gas Research (ijogr)
Comparative study of electrochemical oxidation system hybrid with photocatalytic system for the treatment of Al-Najaf petroleum refinery wastewater
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2011
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Salvia officinalis’s leaves in the Growth of Candida albicans from Infected Women with Vaginal Candidiasis
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Background: Salvia officinalis is a plant belong to
Labiatae family .The common name of Salvia is sage
which mean save. The leaves of Salvia have special
oil which is effective against filamentous fungi and
yeasts such as Candida albicans which is the
causative agent of vaginal candidiasis in women
Methods. Cultures from 50 swabs of Candida
albicans isolated from vagina of 70 patient women
who complains from vaginal problems, their ages
(24-43) years from Central City Hospital during
Febreoury 2009 to April 2009 were cultured on
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) .Nystatin was used
as positive reference standard to determine the
sensitivity of this fungus . and less this concentration
there was no min

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
A study of the effect of silica particles addition on some physical properties of PVC as a packaging material
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In this work, varying compositions of SiO2 micro filler were added
with the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and samples have been prepared
using film casting technique. The results have been analyzed and
compared for PVC samples with (1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt%)
SiO2 micro filler. Mechanical characteristics such as tensile strength,
elongation at break and Young`s modulus were measured for all the
samples, where the tensile strength was increased from 8.39 Mpa for
purified PVC to 16 Mpa for 3% SiO2/PVC composite. Also, thermal
conductivity measurement values illustrated that composite materials
have a good thermal insulation at 10 wt. %, thermal conductivity was
decreased from 0.1684 W/m.

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Publication Date
Sun May 24 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of sodium fluoride on the properties of acrylic resin denture base material subjected to long-term water immersion
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Background: Fluoridated acrylic resin material can present more stable properties when compared with conventional one.The most widely used fluoride –containing substance added to dental resin materials is sodium fluoride (Naf). This study evaluated the effect of Naf in different concentration to the acrylic resin denture base material and its effect on tensile strength ,modules of elasticity with long –term water immersion (after 4 months immersion in de-ionized water) Materials and methods: Eighty specimens from dumbbells shaped metal pattern for tensile strength test were preparedaccording to ISO 527: 1993 plastic –Determination tensile properties ,in dimensions(60mm, 12mm, 3 ± 0.2mm) length, width and depth respec

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Spectrophotometric determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical tablets, by diazotization-coupling method with 1-naphthol as the coupling agent
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Simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method was proposed for the analysis of metoclopramide hydrochloride (MPH) in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical tablets. The method is based on the diazotization reaction of MPH with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid medium to form diazonium salt, which is coupled with 1-naphthol in sodium hydroxide medium to form azo dye, showing absorption maxima at 550 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.4 – 18 µg mL-1 of MPH with detection limit 0.5448 µg mL-1. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity are 3.4969 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.0101 µg cm-2, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of MPH in pharmaceutical tablets with

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 29 2015
Journal Name
Separation Science And Technology
An acidic injection well technique for enhancement of the removal of copper from contaminated soil by electrokinetic remediation process
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2012
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
The Effect of Leptin Level in Pregnancy Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction on Neonatal Outcome, in an Iraqi Center
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Background: Fifteen percent of small for gestational age are small as a result of fetal growth restriction, which could be due to maternal, placental or fetal factors. It is an important clinical problem associated with increase perinatal mortality and morbidity. Leptin is a protein that produced by many tissues including the placenta (syncytiotropholoast). Dysregulation of leptin metabolism may be implicated in preeclampsia and IUGR pathogenesis.
Aim of the study: To study the trend of leptin level alteration in maternal serum and cord blood in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction and its relation with fetal outcome.
Methods: An Analytic, cross- sectional study conducted in Al-Elwyia Maternity Teaching Hospital and

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 25 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Optimizing Blockchain Consensus: Incorporating Trust Value in the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Algorithm with Boneh-Lynn-Shacham Aggregate Signature
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The consensus algorithm is the core mechanism of blockchain and is used to ensure data consistency among blockchain nodes. The PBFT consensus algorithm is widely used in alliance chains because it is resistant to Byzantine errors. However, the present PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) still has issues with master node selection that is random and complicated communication. The IBFT consensus technique, which is enhanced, is proposed in this study and is based on node trust value and BLS (Boneh-Lynn-Shacham) aggregate signature. In IBFT, multi-level indicators are used to calculate the trust value of each node, and some nodes are selected to take part in network consensus as a result of this calculation. The master node is chosen

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 15 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Surface Characterization of PEKK Modified by stron-tium –hydroxyapatite coating as implant material Via the magnetron sputtering Deposition technique
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Background: The best material for dental implants is polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). However, this substance is neither osteoinductive nor osteoconductive, preventing direct bone apposition. Modifying the PEKK with bioactive elements like strontium hydroxyapatite is one method to overcome this (Sr-HA). Due to the technique's capacity to provide better control over the coating's properties, RF magnetron sputtering has been found to be a particularly useful technique for deposition.

Materials and methods : With specific sputtering conditions, the RF magnetron technique was employed to provide a homogeneous and thin coating on Polyetherketoneketone substrates.. the coatings were characterized by Contact angle, adhesion test, X-ray dif

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