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Production of 7-methylxanthine from Theobromine by Metabolically Engineered E. coli
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In this work, a novel biocatalytic process for the production of 7-methylxanthines from theobromine, an economic feedstock has been developed. Bench scale production of 7-methlxanthine has been demonstrated. The biocatalytic process used in this work operates at 30 OC and atmospheric pressure, and is environmentally friendly. The biocatalyst was E. coli BL21(DE3) engineered with ndmB/D genes combinations. These modifications enabled specific N7- demethylation of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine. This production process consists of uniform fermentation conditions with a specific metabolically engineered strain, uniform induction of specific enzymes for 7-methylxanthine production, uniform recovery and preparation of biocatalyst for reaction and uniform recovery of pure 7-methylxanthine.

   Many E. coli BL21(DE3) strains metabolically engineered with single and/or multiple ndmB/D genes were tested for catalytic activity, and the best strains which had the higher activity were chosen to carry out the N-demethylation reaction of theobromine. Strain pBD2dDB had the highest activity for the production of 7-methylxanthine from theobromine. That strain was used to find the optimum amount of cells required to achieve complete conversion of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine within two hours. It was found that the optimum concentration of pBD2dDB strain to achieve 100% conversion of 0.5 mM theobromine to 7-methylxanthine was 5 mg/mL. The cell growth of pBD2dDB strain was studied using two different growth media, (Luria-Bertani Broth and Super Broth). Super broth was found to be the best medium to produce the highest amount of cell paste (1.5 g). Subsequently, the process was scaled up in which 2 L reaction volume was used to produce 7-methylxanthine (100% conversion) from 0.5 mM theobromine catalyzed by pBD2dDB strain. The reactions was carried out at 30 oC and 250 rpm shaker speed, and the reaction medium was 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH=7). 7-methylxanthines was separated by preparative chromatography with high recovery, and the product solution was collected, purified by drying at 120-140 oC for 4 hours and, recovered (127 mg). Purity of the isolated 7-methylxanthine was comparable to authentic standards with no contaminant peaks, as observed by HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR. 

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 03 2024
Journal Name
Nasaq
Types and functions of comparisons (based on Russian and Arabic phraseological units) Типы и функции сравнений (на материале русских и арабских фразеологизмов) انواع ووظائف المقارنات )في االمثال الروسية والعربية
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Comparison is the most common and effective technique for human thinking: the human mind always judges something new based on its comparison with similar things that are already known. Therefore, literary comparisons are always clear and convincing. In our daily lives, we are constantly forced to compare different things in terms of quantity, quality, or other aspects. It is known that comparisons are used in literature in order for speech to be clear and effective, but when these comparisons are used in everyday speech, it is in order to convey the meaning directly and quickly, because many of these expressions used daily are comparisons. In our research, we discussed this comparison as a means of metaphor and expression in Russia

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 24 2023
Journal Name
Archives Of Razi Institute
PCR-RFLP Analysis of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Gene Polymorphisms in Two Commercial Broiler Chicken Strains (Cobb 500 and Hubbard F-15) and Their Associations with Performance Traits
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The present research aimed to study the polymorphisms of the chicken insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) in two commercial broiler breeds (Cobb 500 and Hubbard F-15). In total, 300 avian blood samples were obtained. The genomic DNA was isolated using a fast salt-extraction technique. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify 1146 bp fragments of the gene. The amplified fragments were subjected to restriction enzyme digestion using the HinfI endonuclease enzyme, and the digested products were separated on a 2% agarose gel. The findings indicated that there were two alleles, T and C, for the target locus, with frequencies of 73.3% and 26.7%, respectively. Three distinct genotype variations, TT, TC, and CC, were found, with

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2015
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Design and Construction of Electrical Magnate to Study its Efficiency and the Optimum Parameters to Produce Alkaline Magnetic Water and Treating the Sea Water to be Suitable for Irrigation
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Abstract

Electrical magnate  was designed and constructed,  the optimum Magnetic flux  and the effect of time on the physical properties of the alkaline (magnetic water) produced from the bottled drinking water [the total dissolved solids (TDS) or the electrical conductivity, and pH] were studied, to simulate ZamZam water in Mekka Saudi Arabia. Also, the efficiency of magnetic field from this designed electrical magnate in decreasing the TDS of sea water (of 1500 ppm NaCl Content), to convert it to water suitable for irrigation (TDS<1000 ppm) was investigated in this work.The results show that the magnetic flux from our designed electrical magnate in the range of (0.013- 0.08) Tesla and 30 minut

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Shorthand the representative performance in the theatrical festival performances of the education teams for teachers in primary schools , in secondary schools and artistic supervisors 2019 AD: خضر عبد خضير
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Arts acts to reduce and exclude everything that is not necessary in the delivery of meaning, especially representative performance, which is based on the intensification of the physical and vocal actions, and in drawing the dimensions of the character. And because that, the artistic staff, among others in the ministry of education, are considered the cornerstone, in the development of theatrical activities in schools, this research came to find out the extent to which teachers in primary schools, in secondary schools and artistic supervisors rely on shorthand mechanisms in the representative performance.
The current research relied on the descriptive approach, in analyzing his sample, which was deliberately chosen, Among the most imp

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Effect Of Silicon Calcium, Boron On Proline And Relative Watiop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Effect of silicon calcium, boron on Proline and relative water contents in Apple leaves Salim, Q.T., Joody, A.T. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, 454(1), 012179
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Das literarische Bild und die sprachliche Struktur der Sprichwörter bei der gegenseitigen Übersetzung im Deutschen und Arabischen The literary image in the translation of the German and Arabic proverbs
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Vorwort:

                              Die Übersetzung gilt in der Vergangenheit als Brücke zwischen  verschiedenen Gesellschaften. Sie spielt eine große Rolle im Bereich Kulturaustausch der Länder. Die Araber haben das früh betrachtet, und die Übersetzung als Wissenschaft wird eine der wichtigsten Lehren. Viele griechische Wissenschaften waren durch Übersetzung in den arabischen Ländern bekannt.

In dieser Forschung findet man einen Überblick über die Wichtigkeit der Sprichwörterübersetzung und welche Rolle spielt diese Übersetzung im Z

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Diagnosing the reality of applying the operating requirement according to the international specification for the business continuity management system (ISO 22301:2019) : applied research in the General Tax Authority
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Abstract

                 The research aims to diagnose the reality of applying the eighth requirement (operation) of the business continuity management system according to the international standard (ISO 22301: 2019), in the General Tax Authority, which is related to planning, implementing and controlling specific processes and procedures to address risks and opportunities, and the research adopted the checklist of the standard ( ISO 22301: 2019), in obtaining information, to measure the extent of application and documentation, the percentages and the weighted arithmetic mean were relied upon, and the research reached a set of result

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2026
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Chemical Society Of Ethiopia
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND THERMAL STUDYING OF Cr(III), Co(II), Fe(III) Mo(VI), Ru (III) and Rh(III) COMPLEXES WITH AZO DYE AND EVALUATION AS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER
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Complexes of the Cr(III), Fe(III), Rh(III), Ru (III), Mo hexagonal valence and Co(II) were prepared using the azo dye 1,1'-(1,3-phenylene bis(diazene-2,1-diyl))bis(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,1-phenylene))bis(ethan-1-one), which was prepared newly from diazonium salt with 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone, after isolation. The compounds were characterized using proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance of the ligand and fine elemental analysis, infrared, ultraviolet-visible, mass measurement, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal scanning, metal percentage determination, chlorine content determination, magnetic susceptibility, and molar conductivity. The results showed that the tetra coordinated anionic bond, when linked to metal ions via t

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2012
Journal Name
Advances In Physics Theories And Applications
Synthesis, Characterization, And Antibacterial Activities Of Manganese (II), Cobalt(II), Iron (II), Nickel (II) , zinc (II) And Cadmium(II) Mixed- Ligand Complexes Containing Amino Acid(L-Valine) And Saccharin
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new six mixed ligand complexes of some transition metal ions Manganese (II), Cobalt(II), Iron (II), Nickel (II) , and non transition metal ion zinc (II) And Cadmium(II) with L-valine (Val H ) as a primary ligand and Saccharin (HSac) as a secondary ligands have been prepared. All the prepared complexes have been characterized by molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility infrared, electronic spectral, Elemental microanalysis (C.H.N) and AA . The complexes with the formulas [M(Val)2(HSac)2] M= Mn (II) , Fe (II) , Co(II) ,Ni(II), Cu (II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) L- Val H= (C5H11NO2) , C7H5NO3S The study shows that these complexes have octahedral geometry; The metal complexes have been screened for their in microbiological activities against bacteria.

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Determining ACE-2 Level and Some Relevant Biochemical Parameters and studying the effect of Gender in Iraqi Diabetic Patients with Glomeruli and Renal Tubules Fibrosis as Early Prediction Marker
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     Diabetic kidney disease is an illness of the glomerulus that interferes with the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), which is worked to enable kidney to selective purification of water and solutes in addition to limiting the movement of large macromolecules such as albumin. In the glomerular endothelium, mesangial cells, foot cells, and the brush border of the proximal tubules, ACE-2 is expressed and that the kidneys represent the highest-expressing region of this enzyme. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate ACE-2 level in this case compared to healthy condition. The study Conducted with 120 male and female ranging in age (30-65) years old. Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes subdivided into three groups on the basis of A

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