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Production of 7-methylxanthine from Theobromine by Metabolically Engineered E. coli
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In this work, a novel biocatalytic process for the production of 7-methylxanthines from theobromine, an economic feedstock has been developed. Bench scale production of 7-methlxanthine has been demonstrated. The biocatalytic process used in this work operates at 30 OC and atmospheric pressure, and is environmentally friendly. The biocatalyst was E. coli BL21(DE3) engineered with ndmB/D genes combinations. These modifications enabled specific N7- demethylation of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine. This production process consists of uniform fermentation conditions with a specific metabolically engineered strain, uniform induction of specific enzymes for 7-methylxanthine production, uniform recovery and preparation of biocatalyst for reaction and uniform recovery of pure 7-methylxanthine.

   Many E. coli BL21(DE3) strains metabolically engineered with single and/or multiple ndmB/D genes were tested for catalytic activity, and the best strains which had the higher activity were chosen to carry out the N-demethylation reaction of theobromine. Strain pBD2dDB had the highest activity for the production of 7-methylxanthine from theobromine. That strain was used to find the optimum amount of cells required to achieve complete conversion of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine within two hours. It was found that the optimum concentration of pBD2dDB strain to achieve 100% conversion of 0.5 mM theobromine to 7-methylxanthine was 5 mg/mL. The cell growth of pBD2dDB strain was studied using two different growth media, (Luria-Bertani Broth and Super Broth). Super broth was found to be the best medium to produce the highest amount of cell paste (1.5 g). Subsequently, the process was scaled up in which 2 L reaction volume was used to produce 7-methylxanthine (100% conversion) from 0.5 mM theobromine catalyzed by pBD2dDB strain. The reactions was carried out at 30 oC and 250 rpm shaker speed, and the reaction medium was 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH=7). 7-methylxanthines was separated by preparative chromatography with high recovery, and the product solution was collected, purified by drying at 120-140 oC for 4 hours and, recovered (127 mg). Purity of the isolated 7-methylxanthine was comparable to authentic standards with no contaminant peaks, as observed by HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR. 

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 08 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of pregnant women’s knowledge and practices concerning prenatal care who attend primary health care centers in Baghdad City
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Objective: To assess knowledge of pregnant women concerning prenatal care who attend primary health care
center in Baghdad city.
Methodology: A descriptive analytic study carried on (100) pregnant women who attend primary health care
centers in Baghdad city (50) of them from Al- Sheik Omer primary health care center \Resafa sector .and 50 from
Belat Al-Shuhadaa/ Al Karch sector, during the period from April to November 2011. The data were collected
through interview and use questionnaire format. Validity and Reliability of the questionnaire were determined
through panel of experts and pilot study, data were analysed through the application of descriptive statistical
analysis and inferential statistical analysis.
R

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
What the linguists commented on, "I do not know" in the dictionary of Lisan al-Arab, a semantic study
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Absitract

This research was interested in studying the phrase “I don’t know” in the Lisan al-Arab dictionary, and Lisan al-Arab was based on collecting its material from five dictionaries, including: Tahdhib al-Lugha, al-Muqamah, al-Sahih, and the footnotes of Ibn Berri, al-Nihaya and Gharib al-Hadith. The objection to this phrase, and the discussion of its various implications among linguists and the clarification of the closest and most famous content to it according to the data presented to the researcher in his research journey, and to reach this goal, the research division into a preface, five demands and a conclusion and followed the list of sources and references. To define the lexicon of Lisan al-Ar

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 10 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Dentistry
The Impact of Overweight Among Children on Salivary Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium in Relation to Dental Caries Severity
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Vitamin D is one of several nutrients essential for calcium metabolism. Body weight status and magnesium may influence vitamin D activity. To determine whether salivary vitamin D, magnesium, and calcium levels are associated with body weight status and dental caries severity in children, this cross‐sectional research was conducted.

Methods

The sample consisted of 180 boys aged 6–8 years. According to their body mass index (BMI), children were assigned to three groups of 60 boys (normal weight, overweight, and obese). Moreover,

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Publication Date
Sat May 20 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Activity of Chitosan Schiff Base / PVP Gold Nano Composite in Treating Esophageal Cancer Cell Line
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In the present paper, chitosan Schiff base has been synthesized from chitosan’s reaction with the salicyldehyde. The AuNPs was manufacture by extract of onion peels as a reducing agent. The Au NPs that have been prepared were characterized through the UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD analyses and SEM microscopy. The polymer blends of the chitosan Schiff base / PVP has been prepared through using the approach of solution casting. Chitosan Schiff base / PVP Au nano-composites was prepared. Nano composites and polymer blends have been characterized by FTIR which confirm the formation of Schiff base by revealing a new band of absorption at 1651cm-1 as a result of the (C=N) imine group. SEM, DSC and TGA confirms the thermal stability of the pr

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2024
Journal Name
Russian Journal Of Bioorganic Chemistry
Synthesis and Study the Biological Activity of Some New Pyrazole Compounds Containing 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Unite Through Vilsmeier–Haack Reaction
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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Impact of Azadirachta indica Fruit Mucilage on particle size and swelling index in Central Composite Designed Acyclovir mucoadhesive microspheres
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The drive of this exploration is to investigate the mucoadhesive assets of A. indica (Azadirachta indica) fruit mucilage by incorporating it into mucoadhesive microspheres with Acyclovir (AVR) as a model drug. The study was performed to check the impact of the mucilage proportion on particle size and swelling index. Nine batches of AVR mucoadhesive microspheres were made with varying proportions of Polyacrylic acid 934P and A. indica fruit mucilage (AIFM). A central composite design with design expert software to check the impact of dependent variables (A. indica mucilage and Polyacrylic acid 934 P levels) on particle size and swelling index as a response. As part of congeniality studies, the batches w

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 26 2023
Journal Name
Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi
Effect of Olive Leaves Hydroalcoholic Extract (Olea Europaea L.) and LactoFeed® probiotics on Induced Ascites in Male Broilers
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The incidence of disease and damage will increase, if environmental control and acceptable management practices are not provided during the rearing period. Ascites affect young broilers with rapid growth, and the most critical factor in causing ascites syndrome is the lack of oxygen in body tissues (hypoxia). This research aimed to investigate the effect of olive leaves hydroalcoholic extract and probiotics (LactoFeed) on experimental ascites caused by levothyroxine in male broiler chickens. The present study was an interventional type, and for its implementation, a single-factor design was used in eight groups with 3 replicates. Data were analyzed based on a one-way analysis of variance. Blood parameters of male chick

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Classification of East Shatt al-Arab Using the Novel Scene Optimum Index Factor (SOIF) and Spectral Angle Mapper classifier
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Abstract<p>Accurate land use and land cover (LU/LC) classification is essential for various geospatial applications. This research applied a Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier on the Landsat 7 (ETM+ 2010) & 8 (OLI 2020) satellite scenes to identify the land cover materials of the Shatt al-Arab region which is located in the east of Basra province during ten years with an estimate of the spectral signature using ENVI 5.6 software of each cover with the proportion of its area to the area of the study region and produce maps of the classified region. The bands of these datasets were analyzed using the Optimum Index Factor (OIF) statistic. The highest OIF represents the best and most appropr</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri May 07 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Evaluation In Clinical Practice
Exploring the acceptance of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 vaccine among healthcare workers and general population using health belief model
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Abstract<sec><title>Rationale, aims and objectives

Little is known about hesitancy to receive the COVID‐19 vaccines. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the perceptions of healthcare workers (HCWs) and the general population regarding the COVID‐19 vaccines, (2) to evaluate factors influencing the acceptance of vaccination using the health belief model (HBM), and (3) to qualitatively explore the suggested intervention strategies to promote the vaccination.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study based on electronic survey data that was collected in Iraq during December first‐19th, 2020. The electronic surve

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Energy Storage
Intensifying the thermal response of PCM via fin-assisted foam strips in the shell-and-tube heat storage system
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