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Production of 7-methylxanthine from Theobromine by Metabolically Engineered E. coli
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In this work, a novel biocatalytic process for the production of 7-methylxanthines from theobromine, an economic feedstock has been developed. Bench scale production of 7-methlxanthine has been demonstrated. The biocatalytic process used in this work operates at 30 OC and atmospheric pressure, and is environmentally friendly. The biocatalyst was E. coli BL21(DE3) engineered with ndmB/D genes combinations. These modifications enabled specific N7- demethylation of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine. This production process consists of uniform fermentation conditions with a specific metabolically engineered strain, uniform induction of specific enzymes for 7-methylxanthine production, uniform recovery and preparation of biocatalyst for reaction and uniform recovery of pure 7-methylxanthine.

   Many E. coli BL21(DE3) strains metabolically engineered with single and/or multiple ndmB/D genes were tested for catalytic activity, and the best strains which had the higher activity were chosen to carry out the N-demethylation reaction of theobromine. Strain pBD2dDB had the highest activity for the production of 7-methylxanthine from theobromine. That strain was used to find the optimum amount of cells required to achieve complete conversion of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine within two hours. It was found that the optimum concentration of pBD2dDB strain to achieve 100% conversion of 0.5 mM theobromine to 7-methylxanthine was 5 mg/mL. The cell growth of pBD2dDB strain was studied using two different growth media, (Luria-Bertani Broth and Super Broth). Super broth was found to be the best medium to produce the highest amount of cell paste (1.5 g). Subsequently, the process was scaled up in which 2 L reaction volume was used to produce 7-methylxanthine (100% conversion) from 0.5 mM theobromine catalyzed by pBD2dDB strain. The reactions was carried out at 30 oC and 250 rpm shaker speed, and the reaction medium was 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH=7). 7-methylxanthines was separated by preparative chromatography with high recovery, and the product solution was collected, purified by drying at 120-140 oC for 4 hours and, recovered (127 mg). Purity of the isolated 7-methylxanthine was comparable to authentic standards with no contaminant peaks, as observed by HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR. 

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 01 1999
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
new species of ground beetles (Coleptera : Carabidae) from Iraq
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Among a collection of ground beetles from Iraq the new species Acinopus euphraticus was designated and described here. The erection of this new species was mainly built on external features and the description of male genitalia.

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 14 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Methods of Achieving Mental Health from an Islamic Perspective
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The aim of the research is to identify the methods of achieving mental health from an Islamic perspective by using an analytical approach. The methods that were explained: strengthen the spiritual side to control the motives and emotion s overcome the whims of the soul, fear of God and treat mental illness from an Islamic point of view by recognizing self, assurance, foresight, learning and acquiring new trends. Conclusion: we can achieve mental health by optimism, not despair, the compatibility of the Muslim with himself and with others, Consistency, emotional balance, and patience in difficult situations. Islam has attributes that make an individual feels    psychological security. Thus, all these elements achiev

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
STUDY OF IRAQI TAX PERFORMANCE SINCE FROM (1995-2010)
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 The existence of the tax Coupled with the existence of the power of the political   Sociality and the evolution of its concept differes according to the concept of the role of the state and its evolution in the economical life and  it represents on of the main sources of funding one hand and an effective means that enables the state to intervene in various aspects of the economic life on the other hand. Tax also can be considered as a tool used to re-distribue the in class. Perhaps Iraq suffers from and in the marginalization to the role of taxes in funding and in turn the adoption of the Iraqi budget on oil revenues to finance the aspects of expenitvre which can pose a risk on the total Iraq

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 30 2003
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Extraction and Purification of Magnesium Sulphate from Iraqi Dolomite
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2008
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Extraction of Phenol From Industrial Water Using Different Solvents
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The analysis and efficiency of phenol extraction from the industrial water using different solvents, were investigated. To our knowledge, the experimental information available in the literature for liquid-liquid equilibria of ternary mixtures containing the pair phenol-water is limited. Therefore the purpose of the present investigation is to generate the data for the water-phenol with different solvents to aid the correlation of liquid-liquid equilibria, including phase diagrams, distribution coefficients of phenol, tie-lines data and selectivity of the solvents for the aqueous phenol system.

                The ternary equilibrium diagrams and tie-lines

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
Biomedicin
Antibacterial action of AgNPs produced from different isolates Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria on biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the RTI
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Silver nanoparticles synthesized by different species

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The Epistemological The Epistemological Foundations for Comparison of Religions by al-Amiri: The Epistemological Foundations for Comparison of Religions by al-Amiri
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 Research topic: (The Epistemological Foundations for Comparison of Religions by al-Amiri)

The research sought to study the topic with: a descriptive methodology by investigating the components of al-Amiri's approach to the interfaith comparison. And analytical, by showing the applied perception of an objective model in the comparison of religions to answer two questions: What are the cognitive foundations of al-Amiri? And what is his approach to establishing an objective comparison between religions?

The research started by introducing Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri, and then presented four topics: An introduction to al-Amiri's efforts in the interfaith comparison, his knowledge foundations, an applied model

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 06 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Investigation of the dielectric Properties of (PPAB) terminated by phenylenediamine doped by Na2[Fe(CN)5.NO].2H2O using Lumped equivalent circuit
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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of Na2[Fe(CN)5.NO].2H2O impurity (0.1 M) concentration on the dielectrical properties of poly (P-Aminobenzaldehyde) terminated by pheneylenediamine in the frequency and temperature ranges (1-100)KHz and (283-348) K respectively.These properties include dissipation factor, series and parallel resistance, series and parallel capacitance, real and imaginary part of the dielectric constant, a.c conductivity and impedance (real and imaginary) part, that have been deduced from equivalent circuit. The investigation shows that adding Na2[Fe(CN)5.NO].2H2O as additive to the polymer lead to increase of the dielectric constant with increasing temperature and it is decreasing with increasing the freq

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal For Applied Sciences
Examining Metal Complexes Formed from New Schiff Base ‎Ligand ‎Derived from Benzene Carbaldehyde: Evaluation of Anti-‎biofilm and ‎Anti-bacterial Properties
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One of the most difficult tasks in modern medical societies is the process of identifying a cure for many infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant microbes. Therefore, it has become necessary to discover new compounds that work in this regard. The currently prepared Schiff base, derived from thiazole, has a biological activity against bacteria and biofilms and its activity increases when it is associated with copper, zinc and platinum ions and forms metal complexes. This study highlights the synthesis and evaluation of novel biological compounds as inhibitors of bacterial growth and biofilms. A three newly complexes are resulting from the reaction of a new Schiff base ligand (LC) with metal ions (Zn, Cu, Pt). The new ligand (LC)

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 29 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
Study of Antioxidation Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted From Green Algae Enteromorpha sp.: Study of Antioxidation Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted From Green Algae Enteromorpha sp.
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Samples of the green algae were collected from water of Shatt al-Arab in Garmat Ali in Basra. After purification, the green algae identified on Enteromorpha sp. The samples were dried and milled, then sulfated polysaccharides were extracted with hot water at 90°C precipitated with absolute ethanol, dialysed and lyophilized. The chemical composition was total sugars 56.4%, protein 1.3% and sulfur 19.7%. Antioxidation activity of sulfated polysaccharides was studied by four method and included estimation of ability of scavenging hydroxylated radicals, the results showed an increased in ability with increasing concentrations. Ability of scavenging and was 59.86% at the concentration of 2.5 mg/ ml, but BHT was 81.36%. Ability of scavenging

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