Adsorption is one of the most important technologies for the treatment of polluted water from dyes. Theaim of this study is to use a low-cost adsorbent for this purpose. A novel and economical adsorbent was used to remove methyl violet dye (MV) from aqueous solutions. This adsorbent was prepared from bean peel, which is an agricultural waste. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the ability of the bean peel adsorbent (BPA) to remove the methyl violet (MV) dye. The effects of different variables, such as weight of the adsorbent, pH of the MV solution, initial concentration of MV, contact time and temperature, on the adsorption behaviour were studied. It was found experimentally that the time required to achieve equilibrium was 120 min for all dye concentrations (10-50 mg/l). The BPA was characterised using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)before and after adsorption of the MV dye. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to analyse the experimental isotherm data. The Freundlich isotherm gives a better fit than the other isotherm models. The adsorption kinetic data were tested using pseudo-first-order and pseudo–second-order models. Additionally, the intraparticle diffusion model was used to investigate the mechanism of the adsorption process. It was found that boundary layer diffusion (external mass transfer) is the rate-determining step. The thermodynamic parameters, including ΔH, ΔS and ΔG, were investigated at different temperatures (298, 313 and 323 K) and concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/l) to understand the nature of the adsorption process. The thermodynamic study indicates that the adsorption of MV dye onto BPA is physical, exothermic and spontaneous in nature.
The aim of the research is to identify the losses resulting from the terrorist operations and then find a proposed accounting treatment for the losses resulting from the terrorist operations and to indicate their impact on disclosure in the financial statements by reviewing the international standards and local rules and the unified accounting system and not dealing with these losses, Of the financial statements and therefore adversely affect the accounting disclosure as well as the weak commitment of economic units to apply the requirements of accounting measurement and disclosure of losses of terrorist operations in a manner consistent with local and international standards to achieve the Reliability in the financial statement.
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The analysis and efficiency of phenol extraction from the industrial water using different solvents, were investigated. To our knowledge, the experimental information available in the literature for liquid-liquid equilibria of ternary mixtures containing the pair phenol-water is limited. Therefore the purpose of the present investigation is to generate the data for the water-phenol with different solvents to aid the correlation of liquid-liquid equilibria, including phase diagrams, distribution coefficients of phenol, tie-lines data and selectivity of the solvents for the aqueous phenol system.
The ternary equilibrium diagrams and tie-lines
... Show MoreOften phenomena suffer from disturbances in their data as well as the difficulty of formulation, especially with a lack of clarity in the response, or the large number of essential differences plaguing the experimental units that have been taking this data from them. Thus emerged the need to include an estimation method implicit rating of these experimental units using the method of discrimination or create blocks for each item of these experimental units in the hope of controlling their responses and make it more homogeneous. Because of the development in the field of computers and taking the principle of the integration of sciences it has been found that modern algorithms used in the field of Computer Science genetic algorithm or ant colo
... Show MoreSilver nanoparticles synthesized by different species
In this study, we attempt to provide healthcare service to the pilgrims. This study describes how a multimedia courseware can be used in making the pilgrims aware of the common diseases that are present in Saudi Arabia during the pilgrimage. The multimedia courseware will also be used in providing some information about the symptoms of these diseases, and how each of them can be treated. The multimedia courseware contains a virtual representation of a hospital, some videos of actual cases of patients, and authentic learning activities intended to enhance health competencies during the pilgrimage. An examination of the courseware was conducted so as to study the manner in which the elements of the courseware are applied in real-time learn
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This study aims to estimate the accuracy of digital elevation models (DEM) which are created with exploitation of open source Google Earth data and comparing with the widely available DEM datasets, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), version 3, and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM), version 2. The GPS technique is used in this study to produce digital elevation raster with a high level of accuracy, as reference raster, compared to the DEM datasets. Baghdad University, Al Jadriya campus, is selected as a study area. Besides, 151 reference points were created within the study area to evaluate the results based on the values of RMS.Furthermore, th
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As we live in the era of the fourth technological revolution, it has become necessary to use artificial intelligence to generate electric power through sustainable solar energy, especially in Iraq and what it has gone through in terms of crises and what it suffers from a severe shortage of electric power because of the wars and calamities it went through. During that period of time, its impact is still evident in all aspects of daily life experienced by Iraqis because of the remnants of wars, siege, terrorism, wrong policies ruling before and later, regional interventions and their consequences, such as the destruction of electric power stations and the population increase, which must be followed by an increase in electric power stations,
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