The high viscosity of heavy oil is a crucial factor that strongly affects its up-stream recovering, down-stream surface transporting and refining processes. Economical methods for recovering the heavy oil and reducing is very important and related to capital and/or operating cost. This research studies the treatment of Iraqi heavy crude oil, which characterize with high viscosity and low API which makes transportation of heavy crude oil a difficult mission, needs for treatment to reduce viscosity for facilitating transportation and processing. Iraqi heavy crude oil was used Sharqi Baghdad, which obtained from Baghdad east oil fields with API 22.2º.Many kinds of additives were used to reduce the viscosity, experiments were performed o

The biochar prepared from sawdust raw material was applied in this study for the treatment of wastewater polluted with methyl orange dye. The effect of pH (2-11), initial concertation (50-250 mg/L) and time were studied. The isotherm of Langmuir, Frendluch and temkin models studied. The Langmuir model was the best to explain the adsorption process, maximum uptake was 136.67 mg/g at 25C^o of methyl orange dye. Equilibrium reached after four hours of contact for most adsorbents.The values of thermodynamic parameters ∆G were negative at various temperatures, so the process spontaneous, while ∆H values were 16683 j/mol and ∆S values was 60.82 j/mol.k.

Organofluorines, as a pollutant, belongs to a group of substances which are very difficult to neutralize. They are part of many products of everyday use and for this reason they pollute the environment in large quantities. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids are entered into the list of the “Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants” in order to minimize the load on the environment by significantly reducing their use, up to their complete rejection. The DD4 strain was isolated from the soil by the enrichment method and identified using 16S rRNA method as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. It is able to metabolize perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the only carbon source in Raymond nutrient medium with a concentration of 1000

New technologies have risen into popularity causing the Liquid membrane techniques to evolve over other separation techniques due to its high selectivity and recovery, increased fluxes, and reduced investment and operating cost. This work focuses on extracting Methylene Blue (MB), a cationic dye using a simple BLM separation technique from its aqueous phase. It combines extraction and stripping in a single unit operation. The feed phase was an aqueous solution of MB, the solvent chosen was soybean oil for the liquid/organic membrane phase, and tri-octyl amine acted as a carrier. The strip phase was a hydrochloric acid solution for this study. A two-phase equilibrium study was done to choose the correct solvent, carrier,

This study was done to investigate the impact of different nanoparticles on diesel fuel characteristics, Iraqi diesel fuel was supplied from al-Dura refinery and was treated to enhance performance by improving its characteristics. Two types of nanoparticles were mixed with Iraqi diesel fuel at various weight fractions of 30, 60, 90, and 120 ppm. The diesel engine was tested and run at a constant speed of 1600 rpm to examine and evaluate the engine's performance and determine emissions. In general, ZnO additives' performance analysis showed they are more efficient for diesel fuel engines than CeO. The performance of engine diesel fuel tests showed that the weight fraction of nanoparticles at 90 and 120 ppm give a similar performance,

This study was done to investigate the impact of different nanoparticles on diesel fuel characteristics, Iraqi diesel fuel was supplied from al-Dura refinery and was treated to enhance performance by improving its characteristics. Two types of nanoparticles were mixed with Iraqi diesel fuel at various weight fractions of 30, 60, 90, and 120 ppm. The diesel engine was tested and run at a constant speed of 1600 rpm to examine and evaluate the engine's performance and determine emissions. In general, ZnO additives' performance analysis showed they are more efficient for diesel fuel engines than CeO. The performance of engine diesel fuel tests showed that the weight fraction of nanoparticles at 90 and 120 ppm give a similar

The principle of an interview requires revenues to expenditures by linking the efforts and achievements and disclosure sufficient to result activity, in the case generate future benefits of a particular asset, this asset appears in the balance sheet to reflect with the rest of the accounting unit's assets on the strength of financial position In the absence of future benefits from the effort are so loaded effort on the result accounts that reflect the outcome of activity during a specific period if the month or be separated or fiscal year. 

The researcher reached the following conclusions:

 1- difficult to control the cash inflows and outflows as a result of the multiplicity of sources of funding.

2- wea

This paper presents an analysis of selected qualitative characteristics of pellets produced from rape straw obtained from cultivations subjected to different fertilization treatments and from mixtures of straw selected for testing with crude glycerol obtained as a by-product from biodiesel production. The assessment focused on the following qualities of the obtained pellets: Moisture content, mechanical durability, heating value and main elements, that is, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and oxygen. The obtained results indicated that the different treatment regimens applied in spring rape cultivations had a significant impact on the physicochemical qualities of the straw. In terms of the heating value, traditional fer

Iben Katheer Al Dimashqi is considered among the eminent scholars in the eighth Hijri century / fourteenth Gregorian century. He acquired eminent academic and social standing. His book Albidaya Walnihaya is considered among the important historical sources. This book's study of the subject of commercial dealing methods clarifies that the commercial dealing methods dealt by the people throughout the successive historical eras were multiple, most prominent of which was money (whether Dirhams, Dinars, measures (mikyals), weights (like Sa') in addition to other means like usury. But here we notice that Iben Katheer stressed that usury must be prohibited because it is religiously forbidden and cited many Quranic verses and Prophetic sayings w