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PC-Based Controller for Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
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PC-based controller is an approach to control systems with Real-Time parameters by controlling selected manipulating variable to accomplish the objectives. Shell and tube heat exchanger have been identified as process models that are inherently nonlinear and hard to control due to unavailability of the exact models’ descriptions. PC and analogue input output card will be used as the controller that controls the heat exchanger hot stream to the desired temperature.
The control methodology by using four speed pump as manipulating variable to control the temperature of the hot stream to cool to the desired temperature.
In this work, the dynamics of cross flow shell and tube heat exchanger is modeled from step changes in cold water flow rate (manipulated variable). The model is identified to be First Order plus Dead Time (FOPDT).
The objective of this work is to design and implement a controller to regulate the outlet temperature of hot water that is taken as controlled variable. The comparison of the designed PI controller with the PC-Based controller performance (according to rise time, percentage overshoot and settling time) shows a good agreement for PC-Based to control the system.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Elastic electron scattering from some 2s-1d shell nuclei
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The charge density distributions (CDD) and the elastic electron
scattering form factors F(q) of the ground state for some even mass
nuclei in the 2s 1d shell ( Ne Mg Si 20 24 28 , , and S 32 ) nuclei have
been calculated based on the use of occupation numbers of the states
and the single particle wave functions of the harmonic oscillator
potential with size parameters chosen to reproduce the observed root
mean square charge radii for all considered nuclei. It is found that
introducing additional parameters, namely 1 , and , 2  which
reflect the difference of the occupation numbers of the states from
the prediction of the simple shell model leads to a remarkable
agreement between the calculated an

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 30 2020
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Tympanostomy Tube Complication in Otitis Media with Effusion
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Background: Otitis media with effusion is characterized by accumulation of fluid in the middle ear in absence of acute inflammation and  it is the most common cause of  acquired hearing loss in children, and may  negatively affect language development failure of medical treatment of middle ear effusion frequently require myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion.

Objectives: To determine tympanostomy tube complications of tube in children with chronic otitis media with effusion who were treated with Shah Grommet tube insertion.

Methods: The Medical records of 162 ears of 87 children (52 male and 35 female) were reviewed respectively, the patients ages wer

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Investigation of density and form factor of some F isotopes using Hartree-Fock and shell model calculations
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Structure of unstable 21,23,25,26F nuclei have been investigated
using Hartree – Fock (HF) and shell model calculations. The ground
state proton, neutron and matter density distributions, root mean
square (rms) radii and neutron skin thickness of these isotopes are
studied. Shell model calculations are performed using SDBA
interaction. In HF method the selected effective nuclear interactions,
namely the Skyrme parameterizations SLy4, Skeσ, SkBsk9 and
Skxs25 are used. Also, the elastic electron scattering form factors of
these isotopes are studied. The calculated form factors in HF
calculations show many diffraction minima in contrary to shell
model, which predicts less diffraction minima. The long tail

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2014
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Experimental Performance of a Finned-tube Silica Gel Adsorption Chiller for Air-Conditioning Application
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This work presents the construction of a test apparatus for air-conditioning application that is flexible in changing a scaled down adsorbent bed modules. To improve the heat and mass transfer performance of the adsorbent bed, a finned-tube of the adsorbent bed heat exchanger was used. The results show that the specific cooling power (SCP) and the coefficient of performance (COP) are 163 W/kg and 0.16, respectively, when the cycle time is 40 min, the hot water temperature is 90oC, the cooling water temperature is 30oC and the evaporative water temperature is 11.4oC.

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 29 2025
Journal Name
Plasmonics
Innovative Jet Plasma-Assisted Green Synthesis of TiO2@Ag Core–Shell Nanoparticles Using Chard Leaf Extract for Antibacterial Applications
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This study presents, for the first time, an innovative Jet Plasma-assisted technique for the green synthesis of TiO₂@Ag core–shell nanoparticles using chard leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The Jet Plasma provides a highly energetic environment that accelerates nucleation and core–shell formation at low temperatures without toxic precursors. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited uniform and stable structures, as confirmed by comprehensive characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis. XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline anatase

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 24 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
A New Analytic Method to Tune a Fractional Order PID Controller
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This paper proposes a new method to tune a fractional order PID controller. This method utilizes both the analytic and numeric approach to determine the controller parameters. The control design specifications that must be achieved by the control system are gain crossover frequency, phase margin, and peak magnitude at the resonant frequency, where the latter is a new design specification suggested by this paper. These specifications results in three equations in five unknown variables. Assuming that certain relations exist between two variables and discretizing one of them, a performance index can be evaluated and the optimal controller parameters that minimize this performance index are selected. As a case study, a thir

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 28 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental and Numerical Study Effect of Using Nanofluids in Perforated Plate Fin Heat Sink for Electronics Cooling
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An experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of using two types of nanofluids with suspending of (Al2O3 and CuO) nanoparticles in deionized water with a volume fraction of (0.1% vol.), in addition to use three types of fin plate configurations of (smooth, perforated, and dimple plate) to study the heat transfer enhancement characteristics of commercial fin plate heat sink for cooling computer processing unit. All experimental tests under simulated conditions by using heat flux heater element with input power range of (5, 16, 35, 70, and 100 W). The experimental parameters calculated are such as water and nanofluid as coolant with Reynolds number of (7000, 8000, 9400 and 11300); the air

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 07 2018
Journal Name
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery
Mandibular war injuries caused by bullets and shell fragments: a comparative study
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Publication Date
Tue Aug 07 2018
Journal Name
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery
Mandibular war injuries caused by bullets and shell fragments: a comparative study
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Propulsion And Power Research
Heat transfer enhancement from heat sources using optimal design of combined fins heat-sinks
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