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The Control of Non Isothermal CSTR Using Different Controller Strategies
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In all process industries, the process variables like flow, pressure, level, concentration
and temperature are the main parameters that need to be controlled in both set point
and load changes.
A control system of propylene glycol production in a non isothermal (CSTR) was
developed in this work where the dynamic and control system based on basic mass
and energy balance were carried out.
Inlet concentration and temperature are the two disturbances, while the inlet
volumetric flow rate and the coolant temperature are the two manipulations. The
objective is to maintain constant temperature and concentration within the CSTR.
A dynamic model for non isothermal CSTR is described by a first order plus dead
time (FOPDT).
The conventional PI and PID control were studied and the tuning of control
parameters was found by Ziegler-Nichols reaction curve tuning method to find the
best values of proportional gain (Kc), integral time ( I) and derivative time ( D).
The conventional controller tuning is compared with IMC techniques in this work and
it was found that the Ziegler –Nichols controller provides the best control for the
disturbance and the worst for the set-point change, while the IMC controller results
show satisfactory set-point responses but sluggish disturbance responses because the
approximate FOPTD model has relatively small time delay.
Feedforward and feedforward combined with feedback control systems were used as
another strategy to compare with above strategies. Feedforward control provides a
better response to disturbance rejection than feedback control with a steady state
deviation (offset). Thus, a combined feedforward-feedback control system is preferred
in practice where feedforward control is used to reduce the effects of measurable
disturbances, while feedback trim compensates for inaccuracies in the process model,
measurement error, and unmeasured disturbances. Also the deviation (offset) in
feedforward control was eliminated.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 20 2025
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DESCRIPTION FOR A NEW RECORD OF NEMATODE ACROBELOIDES VARIUS KIM, KIM & PARK, 2017 (RHABDITIDA, CEPHALOBIDAE) FROM IRAQ
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This study aimed to identify and describe one of the bacterial feeder nematode Acrobeloides varius Kim, Kim and Park, 2017 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae), which was isolated from soil samples that were collected from Baghdad, central of Iraq, and was classified using both morphological and molecular criteria. All specimens of A. varius were cultured, identified and described using morphometric criteria. Selected specimens (Zah. IRQ3 OR994579.1 isolate) of this species were characterized by having the body length of the male ranging from (184.94 – 221.72 μm), the body length of the female ranging (507.38 – 521.92 μm) and the body length of the juvenile ranging from (355.53 – 490.35 μm). Selected specimens of this species were m

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 18 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Gingko Biloba Extract in Cotton Pellet-Induced Granuloma in Rats: A comparative Study with Prednisolone and Dexamethasone
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The current study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of GKB in the rat model of granulomatous inflammation. Thirty rats were distributed into five groups:  The first group served as negative control group that received distilled water (DW) only without inducting inflammation, positive control group; treated with DW with the induction of inflammation and they were assigned to cotton pellet-induced granuloma, ginkgo biloba (GKB) treated group (200mg/kg/day), dexamethasone-treated group (1mg/kg), and Prednisolone treated group (5mg/kg). All the treatments were given orally for seven consecutive days.  On day eight, the rats were anesthetized and the pellets together with granulation tissue were carefully removed

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 04 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Schiff Bases Chelates with Mn(II),Co(II),Ni (II),Cu(II) and Hg(II)
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In this paper, some series of new complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni (II) Cu(II) and Hg(II) are prepared from the Schiff bases (L1,L2). (L1) derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and O-phenylene dia mine then (L2) derived from (L1) and 2-benzoyl benzoic acid. Structural features are obtained from their elemental microanalyses, molar conductance, IR, UV–Vis, 1H, 13CNMR spectra and magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility and UV–Vis, IR spectral data of the ligand (L1) complexes get square–planar and tetrahedral geometries and the complexes oflig and (L2) get an octahedral geometry. Antimicrobial examinations show good results in the sharing complexes.

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Dosimetric Verification of Gamma Passing Rate for Head and Neck Cases Treated with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Treatment Planning Technique
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Each Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) plan needs to be tested and verified before any treatment to check its quality. Octavius 4D-1500 phantom detector is a modern and qualified device for quality assurance procedure. This study aims to compare the common dosimetric criteria 3%/3 mm with 2%/2 mm for H&N plans for the IMRT technique. Twenty-five patients with head and neck (H&N) tumor were with 6MV x-ray photon beam using Monaco 5.1 treatment planning software and exported to Elekta synergy linear accelerator then tested for pretreatment verification study using Octavius 4D-1500 phantom detector. The difference between planned and measured dose were assessed by using local and global gamma index (GI) analysis method at

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 16 2021
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
Synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical studies of schiff base from 2-pyrrolidinone derivative and imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde and corresponding complexes with Metal (||)
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Synthesis, characterization and pharmaceutical studies of schiff base from 2-pyrrolidinone derivative and imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde and corresponding complexes with Metal (||)

Publication Date
Tue Jun 17 2025
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Studying Mass Spectra and Thermal Analysis for Complexes of Some Metal Ions and Determining their Activity as Antioxidants
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The new azo dye was prepared from the reaction of the diazonium salt derived from 3-aminophenol with 2- hydroxyquinoline, then it was used to prepare a series of complexes with the chlorides of cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, platinum, palladium and ammonium molybdate. The ligand was identified by a proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the compounds were collected. The prepared materials were subjected to infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and mass spectrometry, as well as thermogravimetric analysis, differential calorimetry, and elemental analysis. Conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, metal content, and chlorine content of the complexes were also measured. The results showed that the ligand behaves in a trigonal b

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 02 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Inhibition activity of Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacillus acidophilus against pathogenic E.coli isolates from Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in women In Vitro
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The aims of study is to detect the inhibitory effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacillus acidophilus on Escherichia coli that has been isolated from recurrent urinary tract infection in women. The sensitivity of E.coli isolates to antibiotics had been studied and the most resistant E.coli isolate to antibiotics had been studied .The cup assay was used on nutrient agar and Muller-Hinton agar to detect the inhibitory activity for each S.boulardii yeast grown on YEGP media and L.acidophilus grown on MRS media in which the result showed a high inhibition activity for each of them .Also in this study the adhesion property of E.coli had been evaluated in the presence of S.boulardii at concentration of 1×109 and L.acidophilus at conc

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Publication Date
Mon May 25 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Periodontal health status in relation to physicochemical characteristics of saliva among pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women in Baghdad city-Iraq
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Background: Menopause can bring oral health problems and also associated with significant adverse changes in the orofacial complex. After menopause, women become more susceptible to periodontal disease due to deficiency of estrogen hormone. Current study aimed to evaluate the periodontal health status in relation to salivary constituent including pH, flow rate and some elements (Magnesium, Calcium and inorganic phosphorus) of pre and post-menopause women. Materials and Methods: Periodontal health status of 52 women aged 48-50 years old (26 pre-menopause and 26 post-menopause) were examined including (gingival index, plaque index, calculus index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level). Salivary sample was collected for two women

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 02 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Determination of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products, E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2[NSMCE2], as a Marker to Predict Child Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow (spongy tissue in the center of bone). In ALL, too many bone marrow stem cells develop into a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes. These abnormal lymphocytes are not able to fight infection very well. The aim of this study was to investigate possible links between E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2 [NSMCE2] and increase DNA damage in the childhood patients with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Laboratory investigations including hemoglobin(Hb) ,white blood cell (WBC) , serum total protein , albumin ,globulin , in addition to serum total antioxidant activity (TAA) , Advanced oxidation protein products(AOPP) and E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2[NSMCE2]. Blood samples

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 06 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Female Students’ Practices toward Premenstrual Syndrome at Secondary Schools in Third Al- Rusafa Education Directorate
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Objective: Determination the effectiveness of educational program on female students’ practices toward premenstrual.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental design study was conducted involving (140) student purposely in four secondary schools at Al-sadder city (70) student for study group and (70) for control group. The prevalence of PMS selected through American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2015) criteria to select PMS students before program. The education program were set in four steps, the first step (pre-test) is to assess the practices, before the implementation of the program, the second step is implementing the program, following two steps post-test  I and II betwe

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