Iraq has a huge network of pipelines, transport crude oil and final hydrocarbon products as well as portable water. These networks are exposed to extensive damage due to the underground corrosion processes unless suitable protection techniques are used. In this paper we collect the information of cathodic protection for pipeline in practical fields (Oil Group in Al Doura), to obtain data base to understand and optimize the design which is made by simulation for the environmental factors and cathodic protection variables also soil resistivity using wenner four terminal methods for survey sites; and soil pH investigations were recorded for these selected fields were within 7-8, and recording the anodes voltage and its related currents for the protection of underground pipelines.
Modeling enables the designer to build cathodic protection for buried structure and predicting the places of anodes sites and its operating voltages and currents under various operational conditions, and comparing it with those in practices. In this work we compared between the field and simulation results which include, anode numbers, rectifier voltage, rectifier current and anode resistance. The most economical design for the first pipeline was at station no. 2 which need 2.5 A for protection of the pipeline for that specific length and for second pipeline station no. 4 which need 12 A for protection of the pipeline for that specific length.
Nanotechnology has shown a lot of promise in the oil and gas sectors, including nanoparticle-based drilling fluids. This paper aims to explore and assess the influence of various nanoparticles on the performance of drilling fluids to make the drilling operation smooth, cost effective and efficient. In order to achieve this aim, we exam the effect of Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube and Silicon Oxide Nanoparticles as Nanomaterial to prepare drilling fluids samples.
Anew method for mixing of drilling fluids samples using Ultra sonic path principle will be explained. Our result was drilling fluids with nano materials have high degree of stability.
The results of using Multiwall Carbon Nanotube and Silicon Oxide show t
... Show MoreThe aim of this work is to study reverse osmosis characteristics for copper sulfate hexahydrate (CuSO4.6H2O), nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4.6H2O) and zinc sulfate hexahydrate (ZnSO4.6H2O) removal from aqueous solution which discharge from some Iraqi factories such as Alnasser Company for mechanical industries. The mode of operation of reverse osmosis was permeate is removed and the concentrate of metals solution is recycled back to the feed vessel. Spiral-wound membrane is thin film composite membrane (TFC) was used to conduct this study on reverse osmosis. The variables studied are metals concentrations (50 – 150 ppm) and time (15 – 90 min). It was found that increasing the time results in an increase in concentration of metal in p
... Show MoreThe traditional technique of generating MPSK signals is basically to use IQ modulator that involves analog processing like multiplication and addition where inaccuracies may exist and would lead to imbalance problems that affects the output modulated signal and hence the overall performance of the system. In this paper, a simple method is presented for generating the MPSK using logic circuits that basically generated M-carrier signals each carrier of different equally spaced phase shift. Then these carriers are time multiplexed, according to the data symbols, into the output modulated signal.
Scientific development has occupied a prominent place in the field of diagnosis, far from traditional procedures. Scientific progress and the development of cities have imposed diseases that have spread due to this development, perhaps the most prominent of which is diabetes for accurate diagnosis without examining blood samples and using image analysis by comparing two images of the affected person for no less than a period. Less than ten years ago they used artificial intelligence programs to analyze and prove the validity of this study by collecting samples of infected people and healthy people using one of the Python program libraries, which is (Open-CV) specialized in measuring changes to the human face, through which we can infer the
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The Purpose of this Research show gap between a Normal Cost System and Resource consumption Accounting Applied in AL-Rafidin Bank.
The Research explores that, how the idle capacity can be determined under resource consumption accounting, discuss the possibility of employing these energies. Research also viewed how costs can be separated into Committee and Attribute. Resource Consumption Accounting assists managers in pricing services or products based on what these services or products use from each Source.
This Research has been proven
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The inhibitive power of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) was investigated toward the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.2N H2SO4 solution in the temperature range of 30-60˚C and PVA concentration range of 150-2000 ppm.
The corrosion rate was measured using both the weight loss and the electrochemical techniques. The weight loss results showed that PVA could serve as a corrosion inhibitor but its inhibition power was found to be low for the corrosion of carbon steel in the acidic media. Electrochemical analysis of the corrosion process of carbon steel in an electrochemical corrosion cell was investigated using 3-Electrode corrosion cell. Polarization technique was used for carbon steel corrosion in 0.2N H
The research studied and analyzed the hybrid parallel-series systems of asymmetrical components by applying different experiments of simulations used to estimate the reliability function of those systems through the use of the maximum likelihood method as well as the Bayes standard method via both symmetrical and asymmetrical loss functions following Rayleigh distribution and Informative Prior distribution. The simulation experiments included different sizes of samples and default parameters which were then compared with one another depending on Square Error averages. Following that was the application of Bayes standard method by the Entropy Loss function that proved successful throughout the experimental side in finding the reliability fun
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Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the orthodontic bond strength and enamel-preserving ability of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-containingself-etch system following exposure to various ageing methods. Materials and Methods. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) were incorporated into an orthodontic self-etch primer (SEP, Transbond™ plus) in three different concentrations (5%, 7%, and 9% wt) and tested versus the plain SEP (control) for shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores, and enamel damage in range-finding experiments using premolar teeth. The best-performing formulation was further exposed to the following four artificial ageing methods: initial debonding, 24 h water storage, one-month water stora
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The problem of the study was to identify the possibility of benefiting from the application of the target cost system as a modern cost system to activate the environmental cost management instead of the traditional systems used in the company due to the great transformations witnessed by the business environment in all fields, which have resulted in the search for modern systems to provide more accurate and more appropriate information to reduce Costs, because accurate information makes the company have a complete vision to achieve the company’s goals. To solve this problem, the research was based on the following hypothesis (that the role of the target cost system leads to the activation of environmental cost management). Target c
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