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Problems of Heavy Oil Transportation in Pipelines And Reduction of High Viscosity
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Drag has long been identified as the main reason for the loss of energy in fluid transmission like pipelines and other similar transportation channels. The main contributor to this drag is the viscosity as well as friction against the pipe walls, which will results in more pumping power consumption.

   The aim in this study was first to understand the role of additives in the viscosity reduction and secondly to evaluate the drag reduction efficiency when blending with different solvents.

   This research investigated flow increase (%FI) in heavy oil at different flow rates (2 to 10 m3/hr) in two pipes (0.0381 m & 0.0508 m) ID By using different additives (toluene and naphtha) with different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) wt. % at 35ᵒ C.

The results of this study showed the following:

  • Increasing values of Dr% and FI% for all drag reducing agents with heavy oil. Increasing values of Dr% with increasing of Reynolds number, fluid velocity and additive concentration.
  • With the larger pipe diameter, performances of drag reduction occur is much better than smaller pipe diameter.
  • The additives (toluene and naphtha) reduce the high viscosity of used heavy oil.

Naphtha is more efficient as viscosity reducer than toluene. Finally, all these results help the understanding of the flow properties of heavy oils and aim to contribute to the improvement of their transport.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
pH-Control Problems of Wastewater Treatment Plants
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Experimental investigations have been carried out to investigate the pH-control problems of industrial electroplating wastewater treatment plants. The accurate and sensitive PID control system could treat most problem and disturbances in the normal operation of the water treatment. However, conventional treatment was replaced by proprietary treatment agent called a QUASIL which was found to be more effective for a wide range of pH.

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Psychological Problems of Patients with Colorectal Cancer
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Objective: Assessment the psychological problems in patients with colorectal cancer, and to find out the
relationship between socio-demographic characteristics such as (age, sex, marital status, educational level,
and occupation) and psychological problems for those patients.
Methodology: A descriptive design is employed through the present study from 1
st July 2011 to 25
th December
2011 in order to study the quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with psychological problems.
A purposive (non probability) sample is selected for the study which includes (60) patients diagnosed with
colorectal cancer were treated in Mosul Oncology and Nuclear Medicine hospital or the patients who visited
the outpatient cl

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Social and psychological problems for students of the faculties of Engineering and Education for Girls in Baghdad University
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The subject of youth care of important issues in view of what constitutes the importance
to the development of societies in general and as much as enjoy young people in any society
are good psychological health and agree psychosocial be healthy to be effective to invest their
energies and their potential for the progress of that society and development of the social
aspects and economic. The universities of the most important educational institutions that
provide care for young people, they are as well as providing information and expertise
necessary to prepare young people for life and the development of mental abilities, they are
different activities that will satisfy their needs physical, psychological, social and

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 19 2021
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
ACCUMULATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN LARVAE OF CONTRACAECUM SP. AND THEIR HOST TIGRIS CATFISH SILURUS TRIOSTEGUS HECKEL, 1843 IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ
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This study was achieved to investigate the accumulation of some heavy metals included: Cadmium, Lead and Nickel in the tissues (gill, intestine, liver, muscles and skin) of Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843 (Siluriformes, Siluridae) and its larval stage of the nematode Contracaecum sp. (Rhabditida, Anisakidae). As well as to assess the infection patterns of Contracaecum among S. triostegus specimens which were purchased fresh from the local market in Baghdad. One hundred and nine nematodes specimens in larval stage were recovered from the fish host; the overall prevalence of Contracaecum sp. was 38.6%. The sex of the host was not significantly (P ˃ 0.05) associated with the infection of this nematode.
Results showed that the overall me

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The development of imaginal thinking and its relation with adults' problems
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The behavior of thinking is consider one of the modern concepts that appear in the last 20 years, this concept has attracted the attention of psychologists and researchers for thinking has a great role in many fields like teaching ,educational,economical,cultural and social fields.
One of thinking manner is imaginal thinking that has a great role in human civilization. imaginal thinking lead to innovation ,poems, inventions and arts. imaginal thinkingled to highscores in talented schools by escalating their thinking range and solving problems that consider one of organized and free assumption thinking.
The development of problems thinking strategies reflect the development of organized brain process ability.
That studies assumes

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2013
Journal Name
University Of Thiqar Journal
Problems of Translating Cultural Signs with Reference to English and Arabic
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Dogmatism and Its Relation to Behavioral Problems of Preparatory School Students
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 The study aims to identify the relationship between Dogmatism and the behavioral problems among preparatory school students. To do this, the researcher adopted Rokeach’s scale of dogmatism, which was modified to be more appropriate of the Iraqi context. A sample of (300) students was chosen randomly to collect the needed data for the current study. To process the data, the researcher employed T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Weighted Mean. The finding revealed that the study sample experience too many behavioral problems, as well as there is a positive strong relationship between Dogmatism and behavioral problems. To conclude, the researcher recommended holding counseling sessions targeting school students to mitigate

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Animal Health And Production
The Control and Preventative Measures for the Health Problems of Pets
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 26 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
A Comparative Study of Blood Levels of Manganese, Some Macroelements and Heavy Metals in Obese and Non-Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent condition in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by androgen excess and chronic anovulation. Some trace elements, macroelements, and heavy metals have been linked to pathophysiological mechanisms of PCOS .

To study the alterations in the serum levels of the trace element manganese (Mn), some macroelements, magnesium(Mg) and calcium (Ca), and the heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), in obese and non-obese PCOS patients; and the association of these alterations with some of the hormonal changes occurring in PCOS.

The study was carried out at Kamal Al-Samarrai Hospital (Center for Infertility treatment and in vitro Fertilization "IVF") Baghdad- Iraq. Eig

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Crossref (5)
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 31 2016
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Humanities, Arts, And Literature
THE PROBLEMS FACING IRAQI CHILDREN IN LEARNING ENGLISH
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DBN Rashid, IMPAT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts, and Literature, 2016 - Cited by 5

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