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Carboxylesterase 2 prevents liver steatosis by modulating lipolysis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lipogenesis and is regulated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha in mice
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease that ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). So far, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that hepatic carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) is markedly reduced in NASH patients, diabetic db/db mice, and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. Restoration of hepatic CES2 expression in db/db or HFD‐fed mice markedly ameliorates liver steatosis and insulin resistance. In contrast, knockdown of hepatic CES2 causes liver steatosis and damage in chow‐ or Western diet‐fed C57BL/6 mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CES2 has triglyceride hydrolase activity. As a result, gain of hepatic CES2 function increases fatty acid oxidation and inhibits lipogenesis, whereas loss of hepatic CES2 stimulates lipogenesis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. We further show that loss of hepatic CES2 stimulates lipogenesis in a sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1)‐dependent manner. Finally, we show that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF‐4α) plays a key role in controlling hepatic CES2 expression in diabetes, obesity, or NASH. Conclusion: CES2 plays a protective role in development of NAFLD. Targeting the HNF‐4α/CES2 pathway may be useful for treatment of NAFLD. (Hepatology 2016;63:1860‐1874)

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
TOTAL AND MATRIC SUCTION MEASUREMENT OF UNSATURATED SOILS IN BAGHDAD REGION BY FILTER PAPER METHOD
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Soil suction is one of the most important parameters describing the moisture condition of unsaturated soils. The measurement of soil suction is crucial for applying the theories of the engineering behavior of unsaturated soils.
The filter paper method is one of the soil suction measurement techniques In this paper, five soil samples were collected from five sites within Baghdad city – al-Rasafa region. These soils have different properties and they were prepared at different degrees of saturation. For each sample, the total and matric suction were measured by the filter paper method at different degrees of saturation. Then correlations were made between the soil properties and the total and matric suction. It was concluded that the

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
ESTIMATION THE 7 AND 28- DAY NORMAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH BY ACCELERATED TEST METHODS IN CONCRETE
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Curing of concrete is the maintenance of a satisfactory moisture content and temperature for a
period of time immediately following placing so the desired properties are developed. Accelerated
curing is advantages where early strength gain in concrete is important. The expose of concrete
specimens to the accelerated curing conditions which permit the specimens to develop a significant
portion of their ultimate strength within a period of time (1-2 days), depends on the method of the
curing cycle.Three accelerated curing test methods are adopted in this study. These are warm water,
autogenous and proposed test methods. The results of this study has shown good correlation
between the accelerated strength especially for

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
A Pragmatic Analysis of Implied Meaning in Selected Poems by T.S. Eliot and Al-Sayyab
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In addition to its basic communicative function, language can be used to imply information that is not actually stated, i.e. addressers do not always state exactly (or directly) what they mean. Such instances fall within the domain of pragmatics in that they have to do with how addressers use language to communicate in a particular situation by implication rather than by direct statement. The researcher attempts to demonstrate that the beauty and the multiple layers of meaning in poetry can be better explored if the addressee looks at the lines from a pragmatic perspective in search for implied meaning. There are many devices that can convey implied meaning in poetry, among which are 'rhetorical', 'figurative' or 'literary' devices. But

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 30 2021
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmacy And Technology
Diagnostic approach to Perimenopausal bleeding by Pipelle or Dilatation and Curettage
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Perimenopausal bleeding, is a very common problem, which is an alarming symptom for both; women and their doctors because of the rising fears of cellular changes or tumor of endometrium. In our study we tried to prove that collecting endometrial samples using the outpatient method of Pipelle is as effective as collecting the endometrial samples in the traditional method of Dilation and Curettage (DandC) in operation theatre which necessitates general anesthesia. Ninety four patients more than 40 years old were included in the study, all of them were complaining of abnormal uterine bleeding (pregnant ladies and ladies using hormonal contraception were excluded from the study) and endometrial samples were collected first in outpatient

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison of Partial Least Squares and Principal Components Methods by Simulation
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Abstract                                                                                              

The methods of the Principal Components and Partial Least Squares can be regard very important methods  in the regression analysis, whe

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences
Estimation of return stock rate by using wavelet and kernel smoothers
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This article aim to estimate the Return Stock Rate of the private banking sector, with two banks, by adopting a Partial Linear Model based on the Arbitrage Pricing Model (APT) theory, using Wavelet and Kernel Smoothers. The results have proved that the wavelet method is the best. Also, the results of the market portfolio impact and inflation rate have proved an adversely effectiveness on the rate of return, and direct impact of the money supply.

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 05 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Functionalization of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes by chemical treatment
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In this work we experimentally investigated SWCNTs and MWCNTs to increase their thermal conductivity and electrically functionalization process using different reagents ((nitric acid, HNO3 followed by acid treatment with H2SO4), then washed with deionized water (DW) and then treated with H2O2 via ultrasonic technique. Then repeated the steps with MWCNTs and compare their results in an effort to improve experimental conditions that efficiently differentiate the surface of the single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi walled carbon nanotubesi(MWCNTs) that less nanotubes destroy and to enhance the properties of them and also to reduce aggregation in liquid. the results were prove by XRD, and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR sp

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 11 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Determination of Nicotine Extracted from Eggplant and Green Pepper by HPLC
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Nicotine was separated from eggplant and green pepper seeds (Solanaceous) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The concentration of nicotine in the eggplant extract (0.871-0.877 μg/ml) was determined by injecting standard material with 0.5 and 1.5 μg/ml, while the concentrations of nicotine in green pepper extract (0.613-0.618 μg/ml) was determined when the standard material was injected with 0.5 and 1.5 μg/ml. The qualitative chemical data was calculated from derivations of the standard material. Nicotine concentration was measured qualitatively in both extracts through the calibration curve and method of the standard addition. This technique has high accuracy and compatibility, bringing the proportion of relati

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2014
Journal Name
Eeng. &tech.journal
Preparation and Characterization of High Quality SnO2 Films Grown by (HPCVD)
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ABSTRACT: In this research SnO2 thin films have been prepared by using hot plate atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) on glass and Si (n-type) substrates at various temperatures. Optical properties have been measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometer, maximum transmittance about (94%) at 400 0C. Structure properties have been studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) , its shows that all films have a crystalline structure in nature and by increasing growth temperature from(350-500) 0C diffraction peaks becomes sharper and grain size has been change. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) uses to analyze the morphology of the Tine Oxides surface structure. Roughness & Root mean square for different temperature have been investigated. The r

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 25 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement of Candesartan Cilexetil by Complexation with Cyclodextrin
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At present, numerous novel chemical compounds face challenges related to their limited solubility in aqueous environments. These compounds are classified under the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) as either class II or class IV substances. Different carriers were used to increase their solubility. Candesartan cilexetil (CC) is one of the most widely used antihypertensive drugs, which belongs to class II drugs. The aim of this research was to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of CC through a complexation approach involving β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives, specifically hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), methyl beta cyclodextrin (M-β-CD), and sulfonyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD), serving as

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