Osteoarticular disease is a frequent complication of human brucellosis. Vaccination remains a critical component of brucellosis control, but there are currently no vaccines for use in humans, and no in vitro models for assessing the safety of candidate vaccines in reference to the development of bone lesions currently exist. While the effect of Brucella infection on osteoblasts has been extensively evaluated, little is known about the consequences of osteoclast infection. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were derived into mature osteoclasts and infected with B. abortus 2308, the vaccine strain S19, and attenuated mutants S19vjbR and B. abortus ∆virB2. While B. abortus 2308 and S19 replicated inside mature osteoclasts, the attenuated mutants were progressively killed, behavior that mimics infection kinetics in macrophages. Interestingly, B. abortus 2308 impaired the growth of osteoclasts without reducing resorptive activity, while osteoclasts infected with B. abortus S19 and S19vjbR were significantly larger and exhibited enhanced resorption. None of the Brucella strains induced apoptosis or stimulated nitric oxide or lactose dehydrogenase production in mature osteoclasts. Finally, infection of macrophages or osteoclast precursors with B. abortus 2308 resulted in generation of smaller osteoclasts with decreased resorptive activity. Overall, Brucella exhibits similar growth characteristics in mature osteoclasts compared to the primary target cell, the macrophage, but is able to impair the maturation and alter the resorptive capacity of these cells. These results suggest that osteoclasts play an important role in osteoarticular brucellosis and could serve as a useful in vitro model for both analyzing host-pathogen interactions and assessing vaccine safety. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Objectives: To assess nurses-midwives' knowledge about pain management during labor before and after implementation of educational program and to determine the effectiveness of educational program on nurses-midwives' knowledge about pain management during labor in Baghdad Maternity Hospitals.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design has been conducted during the period of (February 27th 2019 through 2nd June 2019) on non-probability sample (purposive) consists of (44 Nurses/midwives') who are work in delivery room, the sample was exposed to pretest, educational program, posttest. The study was conducted in three Directories, (Baghdad Teaching Hospital) at medical city health
... Show MoreThe current research aims to identify (the effect of CORT program on creative thinking for middle school students in the art education history of ancient art subject).
The research society continue of the5th of scientific students in ALsadreen secondary school of excellence which related of the Directorate of Education al-sader city, for the academic year (2015/2016), The sample was (35) students for each of the two groups (experimental and control). The equivalence between the research groups was carried out in the IQ variable, the age and the level of the father and mother.
The researcher used the experimental method of partial control and the post-test. If the course of
... Show MoreAuthors in this work design efficient neural networks, which are based on the modified Levenberg - Marquardt (LM) training algorithms to solve non-linear fourth - order three -dimensional partial differential equations in the two kinds in the periodic and in the non-periodic - Periodic. Software reliability growth models are essential tools for monitoring and evaluating the evolution of software reliability. Software defect detection events that occur during testing and operation are often treated as counting processes in many current models. However, when working with large software systems, the error detection process should be viewed as a random process with a continuous state space, since the number of faults found during testin
... Show MoreThe technology and modern social communication medias have contributed to changing many of our concepts about education to a large extent; these technological advancements have created new challenges for the Instructor of course, but on the other hand it did provided him with expressive media, models and strategies that the old methods cannot fulfill, including the flipped classroom strategy, which is one of the modern technical solutions and in it's optimal use it can correct the weakness of the traditional education and can develop the communication skills as a whole among the students, in order to create a positive, active and interactive student.
The current research contained - four chapters: the first one included the methodolog
A theoretical analysis studied was performed to study the opacity broadening of spectral lines emitted from aluminum plasma produced by Nd-YLF laser. The plasma density was in the range 1028-1026 )) m-3 with length of plasma about ?300) m) , the opacity was studied as function of plasma density & principle quantum number. The results show that the opacity broadening increases as plasma density increases & decreases with the spacing between energy levels of emission spectral line.
HR Al-Hamamy, KE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, WN Hussein, Our Dermatology Online, 2014 - Cited by 6
Intravascular embolisation of foreign bodies (FB) is a rare, serious complication that may occur during central venous line insertion. A 39-yearold male in a critical condition presented to casualty department with a through-and-through chest gunshot wound. Chest X-ray showed left haemothorax; an urgent chest tube was introduced and central venous access was introduced via the right femoral vein. The guided wire used in the procedure was unintentionally pushed to reach the right ventricular apex. Echocardiography confirmed FB location. Once stabilised, the patient was referred to Iraqi Centre of Cardiac Diseases, where transcatheter retrieval was performed. To stabilise the FB, a 6F pigtail catheter was used to create a U-shaped loop in the
... Show MoreIn this study the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) received by pediatrics patients undergoing chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examinations was estimated. The study was conducted in two hospitals in Najaf city where three radiographic systems were considered. The study participants were classified into four age groups 0-1 , 1-5 , 5-10 and 10-15 years. Calculations were performed using exposure factors, kVp, mAs and focal-skin distance, together with patient data age. The ESD was calculated for the involved patients who underwent an Antero-posterior (AP) chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examination. The resulted data were analyzed and compared with international dose references. For all studied radiographic examinations and all X-ray mac
... Show MoreInternal control is system,defined and implemented under its responsibility , which aims to ensure that; laws and regulations are complied with; the instructions and directional guidelines fixed by Executive Management or the Management Borad are applied; the company internal processes are functioning correctlly , particularly those implicating the security of its assets; Financial Information is reliable; and generally contributes to the control over its activities , to the efficiency of its operation and to the efficient utilisation of its Resources. By helping to anticipate and control the risks involved in not meeting the objectives the company has set for itself, the internal control system plays akey role in conducting & monito
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