حضيت القيادة باهتمام كبير من قبل الباحثين ودورها الإيجابي في التأثير على الموظفين ونجاح المنظمات، في الآونة الأخير بدأت الدراسات تركز على الجانب المظلم للقيادة وتأثيرها على التابعين وبيئة العمل، وقد تم تحديد القيادة السامة بأنها أخطر الأساليب القيادية التي تتسبب بتكاليف مادية ومعنوية على المنظمات بمختلف جوانبها، ان القيادة السامة تأثر على دوافع المرؤوسين وقدرتهم على انجاز المهام، ورغبتهم في الاستمرار في

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, in which the myelin sheaths got injured. The prevalence of MS is on grow, as well as, it affects the young ages. Females are most common to have MS compared to males. Oxidative stress is the situation of imbalance between oxidants (free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and antioxidants in a living system, in which either the oxidants are elevated or antioxidants are reduced, or sometimes both. ROS and oxidative stress have been implicated in the progression of many degenerative diseases, which is important in cracking the unrevealed mysteries of MS. In this review article, some of the proposed mechanisms that link oxidative stres

By March 2020, a pandemic had been emerged Corona Virus Infection in 2019 (COVID-19), which was triggered through the sensitive pulmonary syndrome (SARS disease corona virus- 2 (SARS COV-2). Overall precise path physiology of SARS COV-2 still unknown, as does the involvement of every element of the acute or adaptable immunity systems. Additionally, evidence from additional corona virus groups, including SARS COV as well as the Middle East pulmonary disease, besides that, fresh discoveries might help researchers fully comprehend SARS CoV-2. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve a critical part in both detection of viral particles as well as the stimulation of the body's immune response. When TLR systems are activated, pro-inflammatory cy

Morphological theories shape the leading platform to theoretically and practically consider the assets connected with the emergence of the city, and its growth and development over time. In this paper, five elements of the urban form are typified: structure/tissue, plot, building, block, and the street pattern will be addressed. Understanding the urban form at the different levels within its ingredients could lead to shape a base launch of how to consider the potentiality of the development and sustainability of a particular area.   

Compression is the reduction in size of data in order to save space or transmission time. For data transmission, compression can be performed on just the data content or on the entire transmission unit (including header data) depending on a number of factors. In this study, we considered the application of an audio compression method by using text coding where audio compression represented via convert audio file to text file for reducing the time to data transfer by communication channel. Approach: we proposed two coding methods are applied to optimizing the solution by using CFG. Results: we test our application by using 4-bit coding algorithm the results of this method show not satisfy then we proposed a new approach to compress audio fil

Social media is known as detectors platform that are used to measure the activities of the users in the real world. However, the huge and unfiltered feed of messages posted on social media trigger social warnings, particularly when these messages contain hate speech towards specific individual or community. The negative effect of these messages on individuals or the society at large is of great concern to governments and non-governmental organizations. Word clouds provide a simple and efficient means of visually transferring the most common words from text documents. This research aims to develop a word cloud model based on hateful words on online social media environment such as Google News. Several steps are involved including data acq

An experimental study is carried out on the effect of vortex generators (Circular and square) on the flow and heat transfer at variable locations at (X = 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 cm) ahead of a heat exchanger with Reynolds number ranging from 62000< Re < 125000 and heat flux from 3000 ≤ q ≤ 8000 W/m² .

In the experimental investigation, an apparatus is set up to measure the velocity and temperatures around the heat exchanger.                     

The results show that there is an effect for using vortex generators on heat transfer. Also, heat transfer depends on the shape and location. The circular is found t

This research aims primarily to highlight personal tax exemptions A comparative study with some Arab and European regulations. And by conducting both theoretical comparative analyses. Most important findings of the study is the need to grant personal and family exemptions that differ according to the civil status of the taxpayer (single or married). In other words, the exemption increases as the number of family members depend on its social sense. Also taking into account some incomes that require a certain effort and looking at the tax rates, it is unreasonable for wages to be subject to the same rates applied to commercial profits.      

The present study include a new developed method of analysis for determination of drug Spironolaction (SP) in some Pharmaceuticals by Spectrofluorometric method. Spironolaction was determined under optimal experimental condition that follows :- The excitation spectrum was (l=351 nm), the emmetion spectrum was (l=518 nm), pH=1, the suitable temperature for reaction 60oC and the optimal time less than (3) minute. The analysis and rang statistical data was:-Linear dynamic rang (1-10) ?g.ml-1, the detection limit (D.L = 0.023 ?g.ml-1), Molar absorptivity (? = 29875 liter mole-1 cm-1), Relative standard deviation (%RSD = 0.78), (%Erel = 3.3) and recovery (Rec = 96.6) percentage. Determination of Spironolactone was accomplished by two methods