Accurate prediction of river water quality parameters is essential for environmental protection and sustainable agricultural resource management. This study presents a novel framework for estimating potential salinity in river water in arid and semi‐arid regions by integrating a kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) with a boosted salp swarm algorithm based on differential evolution (KELM‐BSSADE). A dataset of 336 samples, including bicarbonate, calcium, pH, total dissolved solids and sodium adsorption ratio, was collected from the Idenak station in Iran and was used for the modelling. Results demonstrated that KELM‐BSSADE outperformed models such as deep random vector functional link (dRVFL), general regression neural network (GRNN), multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), online sequential extreme learning machine (OSELM) and extreme gradient boosting decision tree (XGBoost) when compared with observed river salinity data. Also, the KELM‐BSSADE model effectively identified optimal inputs through the Boruta‐XGBoost (B‐XGB) feature selection method. Four metaheuristic‐based KELM models were developed, utilizing grey wolf optimizer, whale optimization, slime mould algorithm and equilibrium optimizer, further illustrating the capability of KELM‐BSSADE in estimating potential salinity in river water. By accurately estimating potential salinity, KELM‐BSSADE can assist in optimizing irrigation practices, ensuring that agricultural demands are met while minimizing the risk of salinity‐related crop damage.
Electrocoagulation process was employed for the treatment of river water flows in Iraq. In this study, a batch Electrocoagulation process was used to treat river water taken from Al - Qadisiyah water treatment plant. electrolysis time, voltage and inter-electrode spacing were the most important parameters to study . A statistical model was developed using the RSM model. The optimum condition after studying the parameter effect the process was 1 cm separating, 30 volts . The RSM model shows the ideal condition of removal for both the TSS and turbidity at 1 cm, 20 volts and 55 min.
The transfer of chemical pollutants from bottled water into water due to heat, sunlight and poor storage is one of the most serious threats to human health around the world, the objective of this study was to estimate the pH value and the transport of heavy metals from plastic bottles to water, for this purpose, 30 bottles of water for 10 local brands were collected and divided into three groups, the first was left at room temperature 25°C, The second was placed in a heat oven at 25°C and the third in another oven at 50°C for two weeks. The results showed significant differences at (P<0.05) between water samples, pH value and concentrations of heavy metals (Sb, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd and Fe) we
... Show MoreThe researcher highlighted in his research on an important subject that people need, which is the excuse of ignorance in Islamic law. , As the flag of light and ignorance of darkness. Then the researcher lameness of the reasons for research in this subject as it is one of the assets that should be practiced by the ruler and the judge and the mufti and the diligent and jurisprudent, but the public should identify the issues that ignore ignorance and issues that are not excused even if claimed ignorance.
Then the researcher concluded the most important results, and recommendations that he wanted to set scientific rules for students of science and Muslims in general, to follow the issues of legitimacy and learn its provisions and i
In this paper, 3D simulation of the global coronal magnetic field, which use observed line of sight component of the photosphere magnetic field from (MDI/SOHO) was carried out using potential field model. The obtained results, improved the theoretical models of the coronal magnetic field, which represent a suitable lower boundary conditions (Bx, By, Bz) at the base of the linear force-free and nonlinear force free models, provides a less computationally expensive method than other models. Generally, very high speed computer and special configuration is needed to solve such problem as well as the problem of viewing the streamline of the magnetic field. For high accuracy special mathematical treatment was adopted to solve the computation comp
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