Sewage pumping stations are considered an important part of any sewerage system. Pumps failure in these stations means that the pumps are unable to work at the design requirement (flow capacity and head) and that may cause sewer overflow and flooding leading to sewer deterioration. In this paper, two main sewage pumping stations in Baghdad city were selected as case studies, Al- Habibia and Al-Ghazali located on Zublin trunk sewer 3000 mm and Baghdad trunk sewer 1200-2100 respectively. This study focused mainly on the operation of main sewage pumping stations and their effect, both directly and indirectly, on changing hydraulic properties, which leads to an increase in the deterioration of sewage pipes. The hydraulic analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the operational performance of these stations on the deterioration of the trunk sewers. In general, the sewage pumps are in good condition based on the completed evaluation of these stations but, it was observed that Al-Habibia sewage pumping station was unable to discharge high sewage flow (d/D = 0.75). Backup flow occurred in the inlet sewer and caused overflow and flooding. The hydraulic analysis for the effluent sewer showed that the actual flowing velocities of the operating conditions examined were greater than the minimum self- cleaning velocity. Al-Ghazali sewage pumping station was able to receive the influent sewage for all the cases of flow (low, medium and high). While the effluent sewer (Baghdad trunk sewer) that was 70% filled with sediments, that reduced its capacity, does not work with the high discharges of the pumps. Therefore, resulting in sewage flows from this overloaded sewer onto the streets and harms the environment.
Background: Preparation of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a simple, low cost and minimally invasive method to obtain a natural concentration of autologous growth factors that is widely used to accelerate soft and hard tissue healing, thus, PRF is used in different fields of medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of local application PRF on stability of dental implants. Materials and methods: nineteen healthy patients with adequate alveolar bone with two or more adjacent missing teeth and/or bilaterally symmetric to the midline (split-mouth design) missing teeth participated in this study. Each patient received at least two dental implants (Dentium Co., Korea). After surgical preparation of the implant sockets, the PRF was
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Laser beam has been widely used to improve the mechanical properties of the metals. It used for cutting, drilling, hardening, welding……etc. The use of Laser beam has many features in accuracy and speeding in work, also in the treatment of metals locally, and in the places that is hard to reach by traditional ways. In this research a surface treatment was done to medium carbon steel (0.4%C) which is common kind of steel that is used in industry. Pulsing Neodymium -YAG Laser has been used and 1.06 micrometer wave length and 5 msec and the distance is about 30 centimeter between the exit area of the Laser beam from the system and the piece that treated . We are going to check the fatigue resistance for samples that is
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The predisposing factors and their effect on the increasing of vulvovaginal Candidiasis have been studied in this research. The result indicated that the highest of infection with vaginal Candidias was in the age of women with age of (21-30years) with vaginal itching and discharge, also the results revealed that the pregnancy was the main predisposing factor. The percentage of the infected pregnant Ladies was 33.7% followed by the women who used the IUCD and OCP 22.1%, those who used steroids 5.2% comparing with control women (without predisposing factors).The results also indicated that the most cases of infection were during the third trimester of pregnancy (where the rate of infedion) was 53.9%.-OCP- Oral Contraceptive Pills-IUCD- Intrr
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Leishmania is auxotroph to folic acid,antifolates drug inhibit the synthesis and conversion of folate derivatives. In this study, cytotoxic effect of methotrexate was investigated on the procyclic promastigotes proliferation of L. donovani. The results showed a significant (p ≥ 0.05) difference in growth of treated groups at high concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125.5) μM after 24, 48 hrs., while at 72 hrs. significant difference was observed at all concentration. The IC50 values was measurable after 24, 48 and 72 hrs. and it was 174.238, 52.283 and 109.175 μM, respectively. The present study showed the cytotoxic effect of methotrexate on the proliferation of promastigotes of the visceral type of Leishmania.
Permanent deformation (rutting) of asphalt mixtures is one of the major forms of distress. Aggregate gradation is one of the most important factors affecting the permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures. Other variables are also important to understand their effects on the mixture such as temperature, binder content and compaction level. For this purpose 6 different aggregate gradations have been chosen and each one of them has been manufactured / tested with different variables. The results showed that at relatively low temperature there is little effect of aggregate packing on the permanent deformation. However, as the temperature increases the effect of gradation becomes apparent, in that the better the packing the better the resistance
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The aim of this work is to study the effect of mud compositions on it’s rheological behavior under high temperature conditions. Seventeen samples of five types of water base mud in which (fresh water bentonite mud. Lignosulphonate mud, gypsum mud, polymer mud, and salt saturated mud) were tested with different temperatures using the fann viscometer model 50-c. All the tested samples, except the fresh water bentonite mud, have the same trend reduction in both plastic viscosity and yield point with increasing temperature. Six rheological models has been adapted: Bingham plastic, power law, Casson model represent the laboratory data accurately
This study tries to clear the correlation and association between asthma, obesity and leptin levels. Also it will work to indicate the main risk factors which play role in the elevation of leptin level within asthmatic patients. This is a case control study conducted on (38) asthmatic patients and (20) healthy control who were closely similar by age, gender and BMI. The main statistical tests used were student t test, linear regression test and correlation test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Sampling method used for this study was convenience sampling method. The main results of this study show a significant association and positive correlation between age (old age ≥ 40 ye
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In this report Silver doped Tin Sulfide (SnS) thin films with ratio of (0.03) were prepared using thermal evaporation with a vacuum of 4*10-6 mbar on glass with (400) nm thickness and the sample annealing with ( 573K ). The optical constants for the wavelengths in the range (300-900) nm and Hall effect for (SnS and SnS:3% Ag) films are investigated and calculated before and after annealing at 573 K. Transition metal doped SnS thin films the regular absorption 70% in the visible region, the doping level intensification the optical band gap values from 1.5- 2 eV. Silver doped tin sulfide (SnS) its direct optical band gap. Hall Effect results of (SnS and SnS:3% Ag) films show all films were (p-type) electrical conductivity with resistivity of
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The research aims at clarifying the role of green human resource management practices in achieving sustainable development. The research problem is that the health sector is less concerned with environmental aspects, specifically green human resource management practices, Which are reflected on sustainable development with their economic, environmental and social dimensions as well as reducing costs, waste minimization and recycling, And the research started from two main hypotheses to explore the correlation and influence between the variables of the research by analyzing the answers of the research sample, which included (136) employees of the Al-Imamein Al-kadhemein medical city, Data and information were collected using quest
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