The commensal bacterium Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is recognized for its ability to cause a state of innate immune memory in monocytes, characterized by the tolerogenic phenotype and lowered pro-inflammatory responses. This study provides an extensive re-examination of the transcriptomic dataset originating from human CD14 + monocytes primed with live or heat-killed L. plantarum (GSE159496). Using a computational approach, 1,954 differentially expressed gene calls that corresponded to 1,397 unique genes were obtained through three pairwise comparisons. In addition, several novel biological pathways that were not investigated in the original study were discovered. Priming with live L. plantarum resulted in a marked downregulation of the complement system (12.5% decrease in its module score, p < 0.001), indicating an important mechanism of immune evasion. Additionally, a significant alteration of the circadian rhythm pathway was revealed, indicating its connection to metabolic time management in sustaining long-term immune tolerance. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling was coordinately repressed, with 17 pathway genes—including the receptors TLR2 and TLR8—significantly downregulated in live primed cells (p.adjust = 3.0 × 10–6 ). Other significantly modulated novel pathways included a downregulation of glycosylation and post-translational modifications (−13.2%, p < 0.01) and an upregulation of amino acid sensing/mTOR signaling (+11%, p < 0.001) and xenobiotic detoxification (+12%, p < 0.01). These findings point to a multi-layered adaptive response where L. plantarum not only dampens canonical inflammatory signaling but also actively remodels cellular processes related to pathogen recognition, metabolic sensing, and stress responses. This reanalysis provides a more granular model of probiotic-induced immune memory. Received: 24 June 2026 | Revised: 6 August 2026 | Accepted: 15 September 2026 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement The data analyzed in this study are publicly available in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus under accession GSE159496: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE159496. This study reanalyzed existing data and generated no new experimental data. The analysis scripts are deposited at https://github.com/ahmedalfahad/L-plantarum-innate-memory-reanalysis. Author Contribution Statement Hanan Yassin Muhsin: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. Azhaar Raheem Hussein AL-Fartwsy: Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – review & editing. Amenah Hussein Mousa: Validation, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – review & editing, Visualization. Ahmed AbdulJabbar Suleiman: Conceptualization, Software, Validation, Resources, Writing – original draft, Supervision, Project administration.
Increasing demands on producing environmentally friendly products are becoming a driving force for designing highly active catalysts. Thus, surfaces that efficiently catalyse the nitrogen reduction reactions are greatly sought in moderating air-pollutant emissions. This contribution aims to computationally investigate the hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) networks of pyridine over the γ-Mo2N(111) surface using a density functional theory (DFT) approach. Various adsorption configurations have been considered for the molecularly adsorbed pyridine. Findings indicate that pyridine can be adsorbed via side-on and end-on modes in six geometries in which one adsorption site is revealed to have the lowest adsorption energy (
... Show MoreComplement activation leads to membrane attack complex formation, which can lyse not only pathogens but also host cells. Histones can be released from the lysed or damaged cells and serve as a major type of damage-associated molecular pattern, but their effects on the complement system are not clear. In this study, we pulled down two major proteins from human serum using histone-conjugated beads: one was C-reactive protein and the other was C4, as identified by mass spectrometry. In surface plasmon resonance analysis, histone H3 and H4 showed stronger binding to C4 than other histones, with KD around 1 nM. The interaction did not affect C4 cleavage to C4a and C4b. Because histones bin
Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of diseases associated with obesity. There are several factors, including the genetic factors, it is known that the genes Fat mass and obesity-associated FTO rs9939609, the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) Ser447Ter, and the chymase 1 (CMA1) -1903A > G are associated with lipoprotein metabolism. The aim of the present investigation was to study the association of the FTO, LPL, and CMA1 genes with obesity in the children and adolescents population of the Rostov region, Russia. Methods: In a case-control study involving 500 children and adolescents aged from 3 to 17 years, the association between the genetic polymorphisms of the FTO rs9939609, LPL Ser447Ter (rs328) and CMA1 -1903A > G (rs1800875) with the obes
... Show MorePolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern among women of reproductive age, exerting its influence on the reproductive system and overall female physiology. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene polymorphism, -108 C >T in the promoter region, have been identified as factors that influence both the stability of the enzyme and its active site. This, in turn, contributes to increase oxidative stress, a recognized risk factor associated with PCOS. This study aimed to investigate the connection between paraoxonase-1-108 C >T gen polymorphisms with PCOS in Iraqi women in a case-control study included 40 women with PCOS and 40 women with normal cycles and no symptoms of
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In an intensive study of the various species of the Euglenophyceae under different environmental conditions, the algal samples were collected monthly in twelve springs and six related streams from September 2019 to August 2020 within Shaglawa district-Erbil Province in virgin areas for phycolimnological study. Twenty species of Euglenophyceaen are identified as a new record for the algal flora. These taxa consist of Colacium vesiculosum, Lepocinclis salina and L.wangi, Eutreptia viridis, Euglena chlamydophora, E. clavata,
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Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory condition that primarily affects the skin, hair, and joints and is associated with significant humanistic and economic consequences. Psoriasis was induced in mice in this work using an imiquimod 5% cream, an immune response modifier that can cause psoriasis-like skin inflammation when given orally. Paquinimod is prepared as a suspension and has been orally given to mice before imiquimod application. The current study found that paquinimod suspension reduced psoriasis area and severity index, spleen index, skin thickness ,TNF-α,IL-23,IL17 level and gene expression of TN
... Show MoreNatural honey is well known for its therapeutic value and has been used in traditional medicine of different cultures throughout the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Malaysian Gelam honey in inflammation-induced rats. Paw edema was induced by a subplantar injection of 1% carrageenan into the rat right hind paw. Rats were treated with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or Gelam honey at different doses (1 or 2 g/kg, p.o.). The increase in footpad thickness was considered to be edema, which was measured using a dial caliper. Plasma and paw tissue were collected to analyze the production of inflammatory mediators, such as NO, PGE2
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